BEGINNINGS OF PERSECUTION

ANTI JEWISH PROPAGANDA Initially, propaganda was used against the Jewish population in Germany Boycotts were encouraged – most failed

LEGAL PERSECUTION AGAINST JEWS April 7, 1933 Law for the Reestablishment of the Professional Civil Service removes Jews from government service. May 21, 1935 Army law expels Jewish officers from the army. April 3, 1936 Reich Veterinarians Law expels Jews from the veterinary profession.

April 7, 1933 Law for the Reestablishment of the Professional Civil Service Letter notifying Dr. Susanne Engelmann that she has been dismissed from her teaching position in compliance with the new Civil Serice Law

LEGAL PERSECUTION AGAINST JEWS April 9, 1937 The Mayor of Berlin orders public schools not to admit Jewish children until further notice. August 17, 1938 Executive Order on the Law on the Alteration of Family and Personal Names requires Jews to adopt an additional name: "Sara” for women and “Israel” for men. August 1, 1939 The President of the German Lottery forbids the sale of lottery tickets to Jews.

NUREMBERG LAWS

NUREMBERG LAWS SEPTEMBER 1935: At the annual Nazi Party rally held in Nuremberg the Nazis announced new laws – the Nuremberg Laws The Nuremberg Laws removed German citizenship from Jews; made them stateless – persons without a country Jews were also not allowed to marry or have sexual relations with people of “Germany or related blood.”

LIST OF LEGAL PERSECUTIONS AGAINST JEWS https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007459

KRISTALLNACHT The November Pogrom On November 7, 1938, 17-year old Polish Jew Herschel Grynszpan shot German embassy official and diplomat Ernst vom Rath. Vom Rath would die two days later – November 9. This day was the 15th anniversary of the Beer Hall Putsch, an important day to the Nazi Party. Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels suggests ‘World Jewry’ was behind the assassination. He announced that "the Führer has decided that … demonstrations should not be prepared or organized by the Party, but insofar as they erupt spontaneously, they are not to be hampered.” On November 9 and 10

267 synagogues were destroyed throughout Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland. 7,500 Jewish-owned commercial establishments had their shop windows shattered and their wares looted . Kristallnacht claimed the lives of at least 91 Jews between November 9 and 10 . Police records of the period document a high number of rapes and of suicides in the aftermath of the violence. Up to 30,000 Jewish males were arrested, and transferred from local prisons to Dachau, Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen, and other concentration camps. The German government made an immediate pronouncement that “the Jews” themselves were to blame for the pogrom and imposed a fine of one billion Reichsmark (some 400 million US dollars at 1938 rates) on the German Jewish community.