Urbanization During the Gilded Age

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Presentation transcript:

Urbanization During the Gilded Age

Essential Question: What were the problems caused by rapid urbanization and how did the other half live? Copy Copy All White Text on Page

In 1860 no American city could boast a million inhabitants. CITIES In 1860 no American city could boast a million inhabitants. 1890, New York, Chicago and Philadelphia had spurted past the million mark. Cities

Characteristics of Urbanization During Gilded Age Uncontrolled growth. Magnet for economic & social opportunities. Pronounced class distinctions by neighborhood. - Squalid living conditions for many. Political machines. Ethnic neighborhoods. Mass Transit. Copy

Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900

Louis Sullivan The Chicago School of Architecture Copy Louis Sullivan The Chicago School of Architecture Built 1st skyscrapers 1856 – 1924 Form follows function!

Louis Sullivan: Bayard Bldg., NYC, 1897

John A. Roebling: The Brooklyn Bridge, 1883 Copy

Urban Problems: 1. Housing Copy Urban Problems: 1. Housing Housing shortages led to… a)Row house – apartment type homes b)Tenement – Multifamily urban houses often overcrowded & unsanitary Sanitation was a problem 2. High Crime Rates

“Dumbbell Tenement “

Tenement Slum Living

Struggling Immigrant Families

Urban Problems: 3. Sanitation Copy Unsafe drinking water> cholera. People threw garbage out their windows. Horse manure piled up on the streets Sewage flowed in streets. By 1900, many cities built sewers & created sanitation departments.

4. Fire Problems: limited supply of water. Buildings made of wood Copy limited supply of water. Buildings made of wood candles and kerosene lamps used for lighting. Volunteer fire departments.

Chicago became the main railroad junction in the U.S. Copy Chicago became the main railroad junction in the U.S. Immigrants move to Chicago because of the job opportunities Cattle industry =stockyards Meatpacking Steel mills Multi-cultural community

The Great Chicago Fire: 1871 Copy The Great Chicago Fire: 1871 Fire burned for 24hrs. An estimated 300 people died 100,000 were left homeless More than 3 square miles of the city center was destroyed. Property loss was estimated at $200 million. 17,500 buildings were destroyed.

URBAN LIVING CONDITIONS

Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives Street Arabs