MATTER Unit 12 Part 1

What are the properties of matter? Section 1 What are the properties of matter?

The study of matter and the reactions of matter is called chemistry. Scientists who study matter are called chemists.

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Mass is the amount of matter something contains. Volume is the amount of space matter takes up.

Properties are characteristics used to describe an object. Properties of Matter How would you describe an orange? Orange, bumpy, and round Color, texture, and shape are properties of matter. Properties are characteristics used to describe an object.

Basic Properties of Matter There are four basic properties of matter that should be used when trying to describe matter. Mass How much matter something contains Volume How much space matter takes up Weight A measure of the pull of gravity on an object Density How much matter is in a certain volume

12-1 Check Questions All the objects you see around you are made up of ___________. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up _________. ____________ are characteristics used to describe matter. The 4 basic properties of matter are: _____________ matter space Properties mass volume weight density

What are the three phases of matter? Section 2 What are the three phases of matter?

Phases of Matter A phase is a form of matter. There are three main phases of matter: Solids Liquids Gases

Solids Definite shape Definite volume Particles are tightly packed together Particles vibrate in place Lowest amount of energy

Liquids Indefinite shape Definite volume Particles are close together takes shape of container Definite volume Particles are close together Particles can slide past one another Higher energy than solids

Gases Indefinite shape Indefinite volume Particles are far apart takes shape of container Indefinite volume takes up as much space as possible Particles are far apart Particles are in constant motion and move freely Highest amount of energy.

12-2 Check Questions What are the three main phases of matter? ________ ________ ________ In what phase of matter do particles vibrate in place? _____ In what phase of matter do the particles have the most energy? ____ Liquids have a(n) _______ shape and a(n) __________ volume. solid liquid gas solid gas indefinite definite

How does matter change phase? Section 3 How does matter change phase?

There are Four Main Kinds of Phase Changes Freezing Melting Evaporation Condensation Matter can change from one phase to another. A change in matter from one phase to another is called a phase change. During a phase change, there is a change in heat energy. A substance either gains or loses heat energy to change from one phase to another.

Freezing LIQUID  SOLID Freezing is a change from a liquid to a solid. Freezing occurs when the temperature of a liquid reaches its freezing point. At its freezing point, a liquid loses enough heat to change to a solid. LIQUID  SOLID What happened here?

Melting A change from a solid to a liquid. When the temperature rises above the freezing point. Melting occurs when a solid gains enough heat energy to change into a liquid. SOLID  LIQUID What is happening here?

Evaporation Evaporation is a change from a liquid to a gas. Evaporation occurs when liquid gains enough heat energy to change to a gas. LIQUID GAS What is happening here?

What is on the outside of the glass and how did it get there? Condensation Condensation is a change from a gas to a liquid. Condensation occurs when gas loses enough heat energy to change to a liquid. GAS  LIQUID What is on the outside of the glass and how did it get there?

12.3 Check Questions Write answers on the SmartBoard. Melting is a change from a solid to a ___________. Water changing into ice is an example of _______. A change in matter from one phase to another is called ___________________. A change from a liquid to a gas is called ________. Water vapor changing to liquid water is an example of ______________.

What are physical and chemical changes? Section 4 What are physical and chemical changes?

Physical Properties Physical Properties Examples Characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical makeup of a substance. Mass Weight Volume Density Shape Size Taste Color Smell Texture

Physical Changes Change that does not produce a new substance. Definition Examples Change that does not produce a new substance. A physical change only changes some of the properties of the substance – not all! Cutting an apple in half Changes its size Crumpling paper Changes its shape Freezing water Changes its phase

Chemical Changes Change that produces a new substance. Definition Examples Change that produces a new substance. The end product is completely different from what you started with. Burning paper Rusting metal Cooking/Baking Digestion of food Burning fuel

Unit 12: Part 1 – Study Guide Know the definition of matter, chemistry, and chemist. Understand properties of matter and be able to give examples. Know the 4 basic properties of matter. Know the three main phases of matter. Be able to describe the phases in terms of shape, volume, energy, particle arrangement and particle motion. Be able to describe (in detail) the four main phase changes. Understand physical changes and be able to give examples. Understand chemical changes and be able to give examples.