N. N. Ajitanand Nuclear Chemistry, SUNY, Stony Brook For the PHENIX Collaboration Two and Three particle Flavor Dependent Correlations

N. N. Ajitanand, ISMD052 PRL87, (2001) Central collisions peripheral collisions High Energy density matter created at RHIC! High Energy density matter created at RHIC! time to thermalize the system ( 0 ~ fm/c) Bjorken ~ GeV/fm 3 ~ 35 – 100 ε 0 Extrapolation From E T Distributions Phase Transition: Energy Density is Well Above the Predicted Value for the Phase Transition Predicted Value for the Phase Transition Energy Density is Well Above the Predicted Value for the Phase Transition Predicted Value for the Phase Transition Pressure build up Flow Hard Scattering Jets

N. N. Ajitanand, ISMD053 Jets are an ideal diagnostic probe for the medium: Jets are Remarkable Probes for this High-density Matter Auto-Generated on the right time-scale Calibrated Calculable (pQCD) Accessible statistically via correlations in Au+Au Jets are Remarkable Probes for this High-density Matter Auto-Generated on the right time-scale Calibrated Calculable (pQCD) Accessible statistically via correlations in Au+Au

N. N. Ajitanand, ISMD054 mesons baryons Associated particle Meson Baryon pT Leading Hadron Correlation Function Mesonidentification done using EMC TOF Baryon & Meson identification done using EMC TOF 200 GeV Au Au The route to jets: Two Particle Azimuthal Correlations

N. N. Ajitanand, ISMD055 Flow anisotropy Jet asymmetry Flavor Dependent Correlations Strongly Flavor dependent Asymmetries and Anisotropies Observed in Two-Particle Correlations Strongly Flavor dependent Asymmetries and Anisotropies Observed in Two-Particle Correlations Meson-Meson (High Asymmetry) Baryon-Baryon (Low Asymmetry)

N. N. Ajitanand, ISMD056 Out-of-plane v2 extinction for constrained correlations Constrain Leading Particle out of Reaction Plane within a constraint byte In-plane is given by :

N. N. Ajitanand, ISMD057 i.e. Zero Yield At Minimum (ZYAM) a 0 is obtained without putting any constraint on the Jet shape by requiring Two source model : Flow (H) & Jet (J) Phys. Rev. C 72, (2005) Unconstrained harmonic Constrained SubtractionExtinction High pt particle constrained perpendicular to RP Constraint byte Decomposing the Flow and Jet signals Reliable decomposition of Flow and Jet Contributions achieved via two separate methods Reliable decomposition of Flow and Jet Contributions achieved via two separate methods 1 (A) LP 2 (B)

N. N. Ajitanand, ISMD058 Input jet extremely well recovered! Simulation Test of Ansatz Blue line: input jet-function obtained from Tagging jet-particles in simulation Blue squares: Extracted jet-function

N. N. Ajitanand, ISMD059 Input jet faithfully recovered even with unusual jet-shapes! Robust Jet-extraction achieved! Simulation Test of Ansatz: Unusual Jet shapes

N. N. Ajitanand, ISMD0510 Subtracted jet-pair distributions Significant Broadening and Strong Modification of away-side Jet observed! (Folded into 0- ) hep-ph/ Armesto,Salgado,Wiedemann Correlations of Jets with flowing medium local min Wake effect or sonic boom hep-ph/ Casalderrey-Solana, Shuryak,Teaney nucl-th/ Stoecker

N. N. Ajitanand, ISMD0511 Meson-Meson Baryon-Meson Decomposing the Flow and Jet signals ZYAM subtracted J( ) Flow extinguished C( ) = J( ) Both methods agree! Meson-triggered and Baryon-triggered J( ) are different on near- and away-side! Meson-triggered and Baryon-triggered J( ) are different on near- and away-side!

N. N. Ajitanand, ISMD0512 Meson vs. Baryon trigger Flavor dependent away-side modification in yield and shape Flavor dependent near-side modification

N. N. Ajitanand, ISMD0513 For meson trigger with associated meson and baryon partners, similar modification observed

N. N. Ajitanand, ISMD0514 Proton vs anti-proton correlations Near-side yield non-zero only for baryon-anti-baryon pairs Baryon number conservation in jet ? Poster (A. Sickles)

N. N. Ajitanand, ISMD0515 Possible modification of Jet-Topology Wake Effect or sonic boom hep-ph/ Casalderrey-Solana,Shuryak,Teaney nucl-th/ Stoecker Hep-ph/ Muller,Ruppert hep-ph/ Armesto,Salgado,Wiedemann Correlation of Jet with flowing medium Cherenkov gluon radiation nucl-th/ Koch, Majumder, X.-N. Wang

N. N. Ajitanand, ISMD0516 For flow extinction: LP constrained relative to the reaction plane with Constraint byte C adjusted to extinction value. Poster (N. Ajitanand) Novel Method to unravel Jet-Topologies: Three-Particle Correlations Added topological information as compared to two particle correlations

Mach cone Normal Jet Bent Jet Calibrating Three-Particle Correlations: Simulation Test Powerful Tool to distinguish between different scenarios! Note characteristic ridges: Mach cone or Cherenkov cone Note characteristic ridges: Mach cone or Cherenkov cone

N. N. Ajitanand, ISMD0518 PHENIX Preliminary 10%<cent<20% Data: Three-Particle Correlations Flow+Jet PHENIX Preliminary After Harmonic Extinction: Flow+JetJet only Mach cone Simulation Data indicates apparent cone structure for away-side jet!

N. N. Ajitanand, ISMD0519 PHENIX Preliminary 20<cent<40 40<cent<60 PHENIX Preliminary HHH Jet Only

N. N. Ajitanand, ISMD <pt_assoc< <pt_assoc<0.7 HHH 10<cent<20% 1.0<pt_assoc<2.5 PHENIX Preliminary

Hadron-Meson-MesonHadron-Meson-Meson Hadron-Baryon-BaryonHadron-Baryon-Baryon Strong flavor Dependence observed

valley peak PHENIX Preliminary Hadron meson meson Hadron baryon baryon Away peak PHENIX Preliminary Peak/Valley on ridge AxisAway Peak Position on Diagonal Axis Hadron Hadron Hadron HBB Flatter than HMM Away Peak around 2 Radians Ridge axes

Ridge peak to valley ratio Ridge axes Hadron-Hadron-Hadron Bending Jet simulation Cherenkov Jet simulation data

N. N. Ajitanand, ISMD0524 Extinction method on two particle correlations Polar plot wrt leading particle axis Express associated particle direction as theta,phi in frame with leading particle vector as z-axis Plot theta along radial axis Plot phi along azimuthal axis LP

N. N. Ajitanand, ISMD0525 The Polar view Cherenkov only in full acceptance Cherenkov only in PHENIX Flip away-side Cherenkov Simulation

SummarySummary Novel methodologies developed to remove Harmonic contributions and extract jet functions from Azimuthal Correlation functions. Jet function and yields show strong dependence on particle flavor The jet landscape for three particle correlations obtained as a function of Centrality, pt and flavor Comparisons to simulations indicate Mach cone like features in Comparisons to simulations indicate Mach cone like features in Jet land-scape for wide range of pT and centralities Jet land-scape for wide range of pT and centralities Cone angle possibly related to sound speed, refractive Cone angle possibly related to sound speed, refractive index … etc index … etc Hadron Baryon Baryon jet-scape flatter than Hadron Meson Meson Away side baryon/meson ratio 2X larger than near side Away side baryon/meson ratio 2X larger than near side baryon/meson ratio Proton anti-proton yields non-zero only on near side Proton anti-proton yields non-zero only on near side