AP Biology Biotechnology Part 4
DNA is Negatively Charged
Kary Mullis
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Restriction Enzymes used to create RFLPs Normal b-globin allele 175 bp 201 bp Large fragment Ddel Ddel Ddel Ddel Sickle-cell mutant b-globin allele 376 bp Large fragment Ddel Ddel Ddel Ddel restriction sites in normal and sickle-cell alleles of -globin gene Normal allele Sickle-cell allele Large fragment 376 bp 201 bp 175 bp Electrophoresis of restriction fragments from normal and sickle-cell alleles
DNA Gel Electrophoresis
Finished Product
Human Genome Project
DNA Microarray Assay “Light Bright” – 4 Colors = 4 Nucleotides
Dideo labeled nucleotides and determining sequence (USE the dd nucleotides) DNA (template strand) Primer Deoxyribonucleotides Dideoxyribonucleotides (fluorescently tagged) 3¢ 5¢ 5¢ DNA polymerase 3¢ DNA (template strand) Labeled strands 5¢ 3¢ 3¢ Direction of movement of strands Laser Detector
Plasmid Map “Starting Point” sample
Plasmid Map Final Product sample
Gene Therapy to treat diseases
New DNA based Medicines
Crime Scene Investigations
Environmental Clean-up in the gulf
Agriculture
Livestock