Standard SS6H1: Explain conflict and change in Latin America. c Standard SS6H1: Explain conflict and change in Latin America. c. Explain the impact of the Cuban Revolution and describe the current relationship between Cuba and the United States. d. Explain the impact of poverty, the war on drugs, and migration to the United States on Latin America.

THE CUBAN REVOLUTION

Cuba is an island nation located 90 miles from Florida.

The situation was unstable. During the 20th century In Cuba, the political leaders came to power and were often thrown out by other leaders. The situation was unstable.

American companies traded with Cuba and owned land in Cuba. Before the Revolution American companies traded with Cuba and owned land in Cuba. Most of Cuba’s sugarcane crop was sold to the United States.

Sugarcane

FULGENCIO BATISTA Batista was elected president for 1 term. In 1952 (several years after he was no longer in office) he overthrew the president and made himself dictator. As dictator he ruled with no controls on his power.

The people did not like Batista because there was much poverty, no healthcare, and no education.

In 1959, Fidel Castro led a revolt against Batista In 1959, Fidel Castro led a revolt against Batista. Many Cubans joined Castro because Batista was so unpopular.

Fidel Castro became the dictator of Cuba in 1959. He organized a communist government.

Because of communist rule… Castro seized (took control of) all property in Cuba belonging to Americans. All farms, businesses, and factories belonging to Cubans became government property. All supporters of Batista were executed or imprisoned.

Personal freedoms were lost! Cubans could not protest against the government. All newspapers, radio, and television were shut down or became government controlled. Churches were closed and the church properties were taken by the government.

Reaction of the United States The United States placed an embargo on Cuban goods. Embargo- a trade barrier ordered by the government that does not allow trade with a specific country The U.S. would no longer buy Cuban sugarcane.

Why might cars and bikes look like this in present day Cuba?

October 23, 1962 President John F. Kennedy signs the bill to place an embargo on Cuba.

Cuba and the United States severed all ties—no trading or traveling between the two countries. Castro’s communist government and the United States did not get along AT ALL. The United States did not like having a communist country so close to Florida.

Cuba and The Soviet Union Cuba quickly aligned itself with the Soviet Union (USSR). USSR began to buy Cuba’s sugarcane. They also provided Cuba with weapons and trained their military. Why??

Nuclear Weapons were sent to Cuba.

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS Remember this was one of the hotspots of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. In 1962, Cuba allowed the Soviets to place missiles aimed at the U.S. in their country. This was an extremely tense time that almost started a nuclear war.

Cuban Missile Crisis

U.S. President J.F. Kennedy managed to diffuse the situation and demanded the missiles be removed. Finally, the Soviets removed the missiles and the U.S. did not invade Cuba. There was no war.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwWW3sbk4EU

Bay of Pigs “Incident/Invasion” This was an unsuccessful attempt by a CIA-trained force of Cuban exiles to invade Cuba with support from U.S. government armed forces, to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro.

Bay of Pigs “Incident/Invasion” The plan was launched in April 1961, less than 3 months after John F. Kennedy became president of the U.S.A. The Cuban Armed Forces, trained by Eastern Bloc Communist nations, defeated the exile combatants in 3 days.

Captured During Invasion © Brain Wrinkles

CUBA UNDER CASTRO Most everything was and still is “dictated” or controlled by the GOVERNMENT. However, health care and education were improved. More than 1 million people left Cuba in the first 3 years after the Cuban Revolution. Thousands of other Cubans have left the islands in the years since Castro seized power.

Cubans Escape to the U.S. © Brain Wrinkles

U.S.- CUBA HOSTILITIES FADE In 1991, Castro lost an important ally when the Soviet Union fell, and food shortages became a real problem. U.S. public opinion began to move in favor of restoring a normal relationship with Cuba.

A FAMILY BUSINESS In 2008, Raul Castro- Fidel’s brother, took over the Cuban government as Fidel became too ill to lead. In 2014, the U.S. restored full diplomatic relations and began allowing travel, although the embargo remained. In 2016, President Barack Obama became the first U.S. president since 1928 to visit Cuba. Later that year, Fidel Castro died.

Raul and Fidel Castro © Brain Wrinkles

1.Who took over as dictator of Cuba in 1959?

2. What type of government did Castro create in Cuba?

3. What was one reaction the U. S 3. What was one reaction the U.S. had to Cuba taking over property owned by Americas?

4. Which country helped Castro build Cuba into a Communist country?

5. What almost caused a nuclear war between the United States and U. S 5. What almost caused a nuclear war between the United States and U.S.S.R.?

Castro Centers Your Task: Rotate through each Castro Center and complete the graphic organizer. You will only have about 5 minutes at each center, so stay on task! Center Guidelines: 1. Keep all materials at the table. 2. You may only talk with people in your group. 3. Write all of your answers on the graphic organizer. 4. When the timer goes off, it’s time to move to the next center. 5. Turn in your graphic organizer for a grade! © Brain Wrinkles

Castro Centers Center 1: Description Center 2: Comparison Center 3: Association Center 4: Analysis Center 5: Application Center 6: Argument © Brain Wrinkles

SHOW ME! Using poster paper, SHOW ME that you can explain the impact of the Cuban Revolution and describe the current relationship between Cuba and the United States. You can fold, cut, or paste the paper. Use pictures AND words, and make sure to use your study guide notes thoroughly. Be creative!!

Poverty in Latin America Latin America is made up of many developing nations that face poverty. One in 5 people in Latin America lives in poverty.  

Percentage of the World Population Living in Poverty

Poverty in Honduras

Poverty in Latin America There is not enough investment in education and not enough high-quality jobs. Even Brazil, a nation that has one of the fastest growing economies in the world, has an over 50% poverty rate in rural (countryside) areas.

Rural Brazil

Rural Brazil

The poverty and wealth in Brazil are extreme.

War on Drugs Since the 1980’s, cocaine has been produced throughout the Andean region of South America, especially Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia. The illegal drug has been smuggled through Guatemala and Mexico.

A “war on drugs” was declared by the U. S. to focus on stopping the suppliers of the drugs rather than the users.

War on Drugs Trafficking, the illegal smuggling of people or products, continues to be a problem. Drug cartels, which use brutal violence against growers, police, and each other, have taken over the drug trade. Tens of thousands of people have been murdered or disappeared due to drug-related violence in Colombia and Mexico since the late 1980’s.

A Colombian city that was controlled by a drug cartel.

Migration to the United States Between the war on drugs, poverty, and political unrest, many Latinos have emigrated to the United States in search of safer living conditions and work. This has happened through legal naturalization as well as illegal immigration across the 2,000 mile long U.S.-Mexican border.

Migration to the United States Naturalization is the process by which a citizen of one country may become a legal citizen of another.

Migration to the United States Latino migration has been occurring since the late 1880’s, but it has recently become very controversial. Many Americans seek stronger border policies to stop illegal immigration. Others argue that the U.S. benefits from the illegal workers’ labor.