Appendicular Skeleton Pectoral Girdle, Arms, Pelvic Girdle, Legs

Girdles Attach appendages to axial skeleton Pectoral girdle (attaches arms to torso) Pelvic girdle (attaches legs to torso)

Clavicle (Collarbone) The clavicle (also known as the collar bone) has a lateral end called the acromial end that connects with the scapula (shoulder blade). The medial end of the clavicle connects with the manubrium of the sternum

Scapula (anterior view) 1-Acromial Process 2- Glenoid fossa 4 – Lateral border 5 – Inferior Angle of scapula 6 – Medial border 10 – Superior angle 11 – Coracoid Process 12-Subscapular Fossa 13-Scapular Notch What side of the body is this scapula from?

Scapula (posterior view) A fossa is a cavity or depression found in bone 1-Acromial Process 2- Glenoid fossa 4 – Lateral border 5 – Inferior Angle of scapula 6 – Medial border 7 – Infraspinous fossa 8 – Spine 9 – Supraspinous fossa 10 – Superior border

Scapula

Arm Composed of upper arm (humerus), forearm (ulna and radius), wrist (carpals), and hand (metacarpals and phalanges)

Anterior View of Humerus (Upper Arm) A tuberosity is a projection, usually at the end of a bone, for the purpose of attaching a muscle or tendon. A tubercle is a rounded projection that functions to connect ligament to bone. 1. Greater tubercle 2. Lesser tubercle 3. Deltoid tuberosity 4. Radial fossa 5. Capitulum 6. Trochlea 7. Medial epicondyle 8. Coronoid fossa 9. Anatomical neck 10. Head of Humerus

Posterior View of the Humerus 1. Greater tubercle 3. Deltoid tuberosity 6. Trochlea 7. Medial epicondyle 9. Neck of the humerus 10. Head of the humerus 11. Lateral epicondyle 12. Olecranon fossa What side of the body is this humerus from?

Anterior View of the Forearm You will need to pay special attention to the forearm. The radius lies along the medial part of the forearm to meet at the base of the thumb. The ulna will always be found on the lateral side of the body, and connect at the base of the pinky side of the wrist.

Notice that the radius crosses over the ulna when you Supine Prone Notice that the radius crosses over the ulna when you turn your palm of your hand down (prone)

Anterior View of the Radius 1. Head of the radius 2. Neck of the radius 3. Styloid process of the radius. 4. Radial tuberosity

Anterior View of the Ulna 1. Olecranon process 2. Coronoid process (not to be confused with the coroCOID process found on the scapula!) 3. Head of ulna 4. Styloid process of ulna 5. Trochlear notch

The Hand and Wrist 3 2 4 5 1 Back of the hand Wrist

Pelvic Girdle The pelvis is actually three bones fused together: the illium, ishium, and pubis. Each set of three bones is called the coxal bone. Two coxal bones along with the sacrum make up the pelvic girdle. Fusion is complete by age 25. Sciatic Notch Coxal bone (where the head of the femur meets the pelvis)

Pelvic Girdle Sacroiliac joint iliac fossa iliac crest Ala illium Pubis Sacrum Pubic Symphysis Coccyx Ischium Obturator Foramen

Female vs Male Pelvis Wider and more cup like Wider angle between ischium Smaller sacrum with flatter coccyx

Anterior View of the Femur 7 1. Head of the femur 2. Lesser Trochanter 3. Medial epicondyle 4. Patellar surface 5. Lateral epicondyle 6. Greater Trochanter 7. Neck of the femur What side of the body is this femur from?

Posterior View of the Femur 1. Head 2. Lesser Trochanter 3. Medial epicondyle 4. Linea Aspera 5. Lateral epicondyle 6. Greater Trochanter 7. Lateral condyle 8. Medial condyle 9. Intercondylar notch 10. Neck

Fovea Capitus Fovea Capitus on femur, which serves as an attachment site via ligaments to the acetabulum on the coxal bone

Patella (kneecap)

The Lower Leg (Tibia and Fibula) (Lateral) (Medial)

Anterior View of the Tibia 1. Medial condyle 2. Medial malleolus 3. Anterior crest 4. Tibial tuberosity 5. Lateral condyle What side of the body is this tibia from?

Anterior View of the Fibula 1. Head of the fibula 2. Lateral Malleolus

The Ankle and Foot (ankle) (heel)