British colonial development Nathan S., Caleb, Harli

In the 17th century the British developed colonies along the Atlantic coast. They had regional dissimilarity that reflected a number of environmental, economic, cultural, and demographic factors. A. The Chesapeake and North Carolina colonies grew prosperous exporting tobacco — a labor-intensive product initially cultivated by white, mostly male indentured servants and later by enslaved Africans. Middle passage- crossing from Africa to America on ships full of slaves. Indentured servants- men/women who signed a contract (indenture/covenant) in which they agree to work for several years in exchange for transport to Virginia and ounce there Provide food and shelter. Bacons rebellion- an armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel bacon against the rule of governor William Berkeley. Chesapeake Colonies- were colonies of Virginia with a one crop economy based on tobacco. Racial Hierarchy- British were highest on the hierarchy and forced African slaves below them. –a racial hierarchy is a system of stratification that focuses on the belief that some racial groups are either superior or inferior to other racial groups. North Carolina Chesapeake county ran off of tobacco exports. The industry was fueled by white male indentured slaves, but later Africa slaves coming over on the middle passage.

B. The New England colonies, initially settled by Puritans, developed around small towns with family farms and achieved a thriving mixed economy of agriculture and commerce. Puritan work ethic- Came from the commercially depressed woolen district and fought for Protestant Reformation. Town meetings- Were used as the main form of democracy. Expanded life expectancy- Social hierarchy-a tier effect to society categorizing people into groups Blue laws- laws prohibiting ungodly revealers Subsistence farming-growing enough food to support themselves and their families City upon a hill- a phrase referred to john Winthrops famous speech Salem which trials- hearings and prosecutions of people accused of which craft Banishment of roger Williams-he was banished because he was spreading "new" and "dangerous" opinions in his church. Trial of Anne Hutchinson- she was tried because she was attempting to become a preacher and the town wouldn't allow it. Establishment of Harvard- sep, 8, 1636 in MA, founded by John Harvard The New England colonies were settle by puritans fighting for Protestant reformation and living by subsistence farming.

C. The middle colonies supported a flourishing export economy based on cereal crops and attracted a broad range of European migrants, leading to societies with greater cultural, ethnic, and religious diversity and tolerance. William Penn- oct, 14, 1644, he put forth some principles that were included in the U.S. constitution Quakers- Christian group of religious movements generally known as the religious society of friends. Religious toleration- others allowing a person to freely practice their religious beliefs Middle way- included pennysilvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware. They served as cross roads for ideas. Ethnic diversity- a variety of ethnic cultures Bread basket colonies- named for their abundance of corn and wheat. The middle colonies were large producers of corn and wheat , and were made of a variety of ethnic backgrounds. There many religious groups formed in the middle colonies.

D. The colonies of the southernmost Atlantic coast and the British West Indies used long growing seasons to develop plantation economies based on exporting staple crops. They depended on the labor of enslaved Africans, who often constituted the majority of the population in these areas and developed their own forms of cultural and religious autonomy. Rice as cash crop in Georgia and the Carolinas- it was a very profitable crop at the time and could mainly be grown in Georgia and the Carolinas. Slave codes- established absolute power of slave owners over their slaves and prevented rebellions and escapes. Ring Shout- a African slave religious ritual where you move in a circle and shuffle your feet. Gullah- Decentants of African slaves. Sugar as cash crop in barbados- Dutch and Brazil introduced the sugar cane crop to Barbados and other islands changing their crop from cotton and tobacco. Spirituals-the slaves sang songs referencing their religion they were called rituals. Colonies of the southern most Atlantic coast and the british West Indies. They relied on long growing seasons fueled by African slaves.