IB Psych 10/10/17 Today’s Agenda: Turn in: Nothing Take out : Writing Implement NOTES Learning Outcomes Chart Textbook? Today’s Learning Objectives (not exclusive): #5. I can explain one study related to localization of function in the brain. #6. Using one or more examples, explain effects of neurotransmission on human behavior. #7. Using one or more examples, explain effects of hormones on human behavior. Today’s Agenda: Neurotransmitters vs. Hormones: what’s the difference? Neuroplasticity HW: NONE (Videos if we don’t get to them…)

Chemical Communications: Neurotransmitters & Hormones Each cell is an isolated entity Need to communicate with other cells in order to coordinate activity Also needs to communicate internally organelles need to coordinate activity Communicate by exchanging molecules 3 types of molecules: Receptors, chemical messengers, secondary messengers

Communication Molecules Receptors Proteins on the surface of cells embedded in the cell membrane Chemical Messengers (ligands) Interact with receptors Fit into receptor sites like lock-and-key Secondary Messengers Carry the message from receptor to inside cell Amplify the message

Some Terminology Neuron – a nerve cell Neurotransmitters – compounds that carry messages from one neuron to another or from one neuron to some other cell Example – Acetylcholine (Ach), Dopamine, GABA, Norepinephrine, Serotonin, Hormones – communication molecules secreted by endocrine glands Example – Adrenaline, Melatonin, Oxytocin, Leptin, Insulin

Ways Drugs Affect Cell Communication Antagonist – a drug that blocks the receptor and prevents its stimulation Agonist – a drug that competes with the messenger for the receptor site, stimulating the receptor Some drugs decrease concentration of the messengers by controlling their release Others increase concentration of the messengers by inhibiting their removal

Neurotransmission

Hormones Diverse compounds secreted by endocrine glands, released into bloodstream, and adsorbed onto distant receptor sites Some compounds can be both!

Uh…ok, so what’s the difference?!? Time Distance

How is it that we learn? Is it genetic? Is it a product of your environment? If we are motivated, work hard, and remain persistent, can we improve our learning? Is this different than intelligence? What is it that allows for our learning to develop? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L-DgV2vixSo

Neuroplasticity: Another possible Learning Outcomes… #8 Neuroplasticity: Another possible Learning Outcomes… #8. Discuss two effects of the environment on physiological processes. Term used to describe the changes in neural pathways and synapses due to changes in behavior, environment, thinking, emotions, as well as changes resulting from bodily injury.   Therefore, the environment is only one of the factors that may lead to neuroplasticity. Maguire, et al. (2000) “London Taxi Drivers”

Videos: Neuroplasticity (2): https://youtu.be/ELpfYCZa87g London Cab (2):  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfy9j0h9_O8&feat ure=player_embedded Jody (6):  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VaDlLD97CLM Cameron (5):  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MKNsI5CWoU