Aristotle an influential Greek philosopher 2500 years ago believed that matter was made up of different combinations of earth, air, fire, and water his theory was not challenged for 2000 years

The Alchemists wanted to turn common metals into gold were European scientists in the middle ages wanted to turn common metals into gold they were unsuccessful, but their experiments sparked a revolution To add/remove a proton cost more than the price of gold

John Dalton was a British school teacher (1766-1844) credited for developing the Atomic Theory… All matter is made of small particles called atoms Atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or divided into smaller particles All atoms of the same element are identical in mass and size, but they are different in mass and size from the atoms of other elements Compounds are created when atoms of different elements link together in definite proportions

J. J. Thomson was a British physicist (1856-1940) discovered that atoms were made up of even smaller particles (i.e. electrons) proposed the “raisin bun” model which was soon replaced with a more accurate model Positively charged atom electron

Ernest Rutherford scientist from New Zealand (1871-1937) designed an experiment to look inside atoms from this experiment he discovered the nucleus, the proton, and neutron

Positively Charged Protons and neutral neutrons

Niels Bohr was a Danish physicist (1885-1962) proposed that electrons surround the nucleus in specific energy “levels” or “shells”

Subatomic Particles Positive Charge No Charge Electrons take up 99.99% of the volume of an atom Negative Charge

area surrounding the nucleus ATOMIC THEORY If the masses of proton & electron were scaled up, the bowling ball would be a proton, the penny would be the electron Symbol Charge Location Relative Mass Proton p 1+ nucleus 1836 Neutron n 1837 Electron e 1– area surrounding the nucleus 1

Subatomic Particles (electron, proton and neutron) A proton, neutron, and electron went out to dinner one night. After a luxurious meal, the waiter brought the check to the proton and the electron. The neutron was perplexed as to why the waiter didn't bring him his check. So, he summoned the waiter to the table and asked him about it. The waiter explained to the neutron, "For you, there's no charge!” Why do all the other subatomic particles hate the electrons - they are so negative A proton walks into a bar and asks for a glass of water. The bartender asks, "are you sure you don't want root beer?" The proton replies, "I'm positive!