Topic 5: Ecology and evolution 5.5 Classification IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko

IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko ASSESSMENT STATEMENTS 5.5.1 Outline the binomial system of nomenclature. 5.5.2 List seven levels in the hierarchy of taxa—kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species—using an example from two different kingdoms for each level. 5.5.3 Distinguish between the following phyla of plants, using simple external recognition features: bryophyta, filicinophyta, coniferophyta and angiospermophyta. 5.5.4 Distinguish between the following phyla of animals, using simple external recognition features: porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, annelida, mollusca and arthropoda. 5.5.5 Apply and design a key for a group of up to eight organisms. IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko

IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko 5.5.1 Outline the binomial system of nomenclature. The binomial system of nomenclature was designed by Carolus Linneaus, also known as Carl von Linné, in the 18th century. Linneaus’ idea is still the basis of the binomial system today. It is based on the idea that every species has a Latin name, made up of two parts. The first part is the name of the genus, the second part specifies the species. The name should be printed in italics (or underlined when handwritten) and the first part (but not the second) is capitalised. Some examples: Humans - Homo sapiens Domesticated dog - Canis lupus familiaris Domesticated cat - Felis silvestris catus Tiger - Panthera tigris African elephant - Loxodonta africana Iberian pear - Pyrus bourgaeana IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko

IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko 5.5.2 List seven levels in the hierarchy of taxa—kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species—using an example from two different kingdoms for each level. A kingdom is the largest group in the system of classification. A kingdom consists of one or more phyla (singular: phylum) which is divided into one or more classes, which is divided into one or more orders, which is divided into one or more families, which is divided into one or more genera (singular: genus), which is divided into one or more species. IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko

IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko 5.5.3 Distinguish between the following phyla of plants, using simple external recognition features: bryophyta, filicinophyta, coniferophyta and angiospermophyta. BRYOPHYTA Mosses and liverworts small terrestrial plants do not have true roots, stems or leaves but they might have structures resembling them leaf-like structures are often arranged in a spiral usually live in clusters which act like sponges holding water. IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko

IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko 5.5.3 Distinguish between the following phyla of plants, using simple external recognition features: bryophyta, filicinophyta, coniferophyta and angiospermophyta. FILICINOPHYTA Ferns have true leaves new leaves unroll have an underground creeping stem (rhizome). LINK IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko

IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko 5.5.3 Distinguish between the following phyla of plants, using simple external recognition features: bryophyta, filicinophyta, coniferophyta and angiospermophyta. CONIFEROPHYTA Conifers all conifers are woody plants, most are trees with a single wooden trunk with side branches leaves are long thin needles, often arranged in spirals, often a dark green colour produce seeds found in cones IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko

IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko 5.5.3 Distinguish between the following phyla of plants, using simple external recognition features: bryophyta, filicinophyta, coniferophyta and angiospermophyta. ANGIOSPERMOPHYTA Flowering plants They have flowers, although they may be small in windpollinated angiospermophyta Seeds are in ovaries which become the fruit. Leaves usually as leaf blade and leaf stalk, with veins visible on the lower surface. IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko

IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko 5.5.4 Distinguish between the following phyla of animals, using simple external recognition features: porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, annelida, mollusca and arthropoda. PORIFERA Sponges most primitive animals with a simple body live in water do not move around no mouth, but many small holes through which water is pumped into body filter water for food and pump it out through larger holes Just an illustration. No labelling needed IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko

IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko 5.5.4 Distinguish between the following phyla of animals, using simple external recognition features: porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, annelida, mollusca and arthropoda. CNIDARIA Jellyfish and sea anemones have stinging cells (cnidocytes) radially symmetrical have a gastro-vascular cavity (hollow space in the centre of the body) one opening to cavity often have tentacles around the opening Just an illustration. No examples are needed to know IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko

IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko 5.5.4 Distinguish between the following phyla of animals, using simple external recognition features: porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, annelida, mollusca and arthropoda. PLATYHELMINTHES Flatworms soft flattened body, definite head region bilateral symmetry gastro-vascular cavity (hollow space in the centre of the body) usually one opening to cavity live in water or damp environment can be free-living but often are parasitic IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko

IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko 5.5.4 Distinguish between the following phyla of animals, using simple external recognition features: porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, annelida, mollusca and arthropoda. ANNELIDA Worms and leeches bodies of ring-like segments have mouth and anus live in water/moist earth may be free-living or parasitic no legs bristles from body which help movement Leech IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko

IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko 5.5.4 Distinguish between the following phyla of animals, using simple external recognition features: porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, annelida, mollusca and arthropoda. MOLLUSCA Snails, squids, clams, slugs soft un-segmented bodies may have shell IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko

IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko 5.5.4 Distinguish between the following phyla of animals, using simple external recognition features: porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, annelida, mollusca and arthropoda. ARTHROPODA Animals with jointed legs exoskeleton made of chitin (a polysaccharide) segmented body appendages to each segment at least 3 pairs of jointed legs many free-living but also some parasitic IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko

IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko 5.5.5 Apply and design a key for a group of up to eight organisms. In Biology, a key is used to identify an organism. Imagine that you are taking someone to a farm who does not know the appearance of a cow, a horse, a chicken or a pig. You could give this person the following key: 1. Animal is taller than 1.5 metres go to 2 Animal is smaller than 1.5 metres go to 3 2. Animal is black and white cow Animal is brown horse 3. Animal has feathers chicken Animal is pink with curly tail pig You can make a key to identify items of any group of things. If there are two choices at each stage it is called a dichotomous key. The important thing is that it works. In Biology, keys are most commonly used to identify plants, insects and birds. These are often area specific, for example, the Plants of Northern Europe. IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko

IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko Example of a dichotomous key IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko

Topic 5: Ecology and evolution 5.4 Classification IB Biology SFP - Mark Polko