Body fluid Abnormalities Microcirculation Edema

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Presentation transcript:

Body fluid Abnormalities Microcirculation Edema

Body fluid Abnormalities 1. Hypo-osmotic dehydration 2. Hypo-osmotic overhydration 3. Hyper-osmotic dehydration 4. Hyper-osmotic overhydration

Hypo-osmotic dehydration Addison’s disease Overuse of Diuretics Vomiting & diarrhea

Addison’s disease / Hyperpigmentation

Hypo-osmotic overhydration Due to excess ADH; Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) Ectopic ADH secretion; Bronchogenic cancer

Hyper-osmotic dehydration Diabetes insipidus (decrease ADH secretion) Excessive sweating

Hyper-osmotic overhydration Primary aldosteronism Cushing’s syndrome

Cushing’s syndrome / Buffalo Hump

Regulation of fluid exchange between body Compartments ICF & ECF; Determined by osmotic effect of solutes across the cell membrane. Plasma & interstitial spaces Colloid osmotic force & hydrostatic force across the capillary membrane.

Starling Equilibrium for capillary exchange

Edema EC edema (abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space) IC edema (cell swelling) due to; Depression of cell metabolism Lack of cell nutrition Inflammation

Causes of EC edema 1. Increased capillary pressure; Excess kidney retention High venous pressure Decreased arteriolar resistance

Causes of EC edema 2. Decreased plasma proteins: Loss of proteins by nephritic syndrome, burns…. Failure to produce proteins; liver disease Starvation (malnutrition)

Malnutrition Kwashiorkor

Causes of EC edema 3. Increased capillary permeability; Immune reactions Infections Toxins

Causes of EC edema 4. Lymphatic blockage: After Radical mastectomy After Radiation therapy Filariasis/ Elephantiasis (Wuchereria Bancrofti)

Filariasis/ Elephantiasis

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