Bio 9C: Thursday, 2.10.11 Title: The Cell Cycle & Mitosis Investigation Homework: Review 244-248 in your textbooks. Pay close attention to the stages of Mitosis. Pass DNA Modeling Lab to the Left Do Now: Put the following in order from largest to smallest: Gene Chromosome Nucleotide DNA Today’s Objectives: Describe the structure of a chromosome. Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

The Cell Cycle & mitosis PHA Biology 9 Moretti/ Dickson

Chromosome Review Chromosomes: DNA tightly coiled around little protein balls (histones) to make it very compact Chromosomes unraveling into DNA Nucleotide Base Pairs DNA Gene: Instructions for making a protein that determines a trait Another Gene: instructions for making a different protein that determines a different trait

Chromosome Review Contain DNA Number varies with organism: Humans: 46 Cats: 32 Dogs: 72 Note: Page 341 in Textbook has a good picture of karyotype Objectives for Class: Describe the structure of a chromosome. Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

The Cell Cycle: Overview One cell grows and divides into two new cells Purpose: Growth Replace dead cells Repair tissues after injury Asexual reproduction (in single-celled organisms) Amoeba reproducing

Major Steps of the Cell Cycle Interphase: growth; copying of chromosomes & organelles G1 phase: Cell grows S phase: DNA replicates G2 phase: More growth; cell prepares to divide M-Phase: Mitosis Chromosomes separate to form two new nuclei Cytokinesis: Cell splits to form two new identical cells Objectives for Class: Describe the structure of a chromosome. Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

What do you notice about the chromosomes in G1 versus G2? Objectives for Class: Describe the structure of a chromosome. Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

Chromosome Replication During the Cell Cycle G1 Phase: Chromosomes are un-replicated - each contains one copy of its DNA G2 Phase: Chromosomes are replicated - each contains two exact copies of its DNA Un-Replicated Chromosome Replicated Chromosome S Phase: DNA Replication creates replicated chromosomes Centromere – a small spot in the center of a chromosome Centromere Sister Chromatids – two halves of a replicated chromosome – exact copies of each other Objectives for Class: Describe the structure of a chromosome. Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

More Images of Chromosome Replication Objectives for Class: Describe the structure of a chromosome. Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

Why do Chromosomes Replicate? So they can split during mitosis and separate into two new cells Each cell gets an exact copy of each chromosome! Objectives for Class: Describe the structure of a chromosome. Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.

Mitosis Investigations – Period 1

Mitosis Investigations Investigation 1: Mitosis Trading Cards Activity Working in Pairs, match the picture of the stage of the cell cycle and/ or stage of mitosis with the written explanation of that picture. Choose one of the following 2 options for your second Investigation Investigation 2 Option A: Plant Cells in Mitosis Using Microscopes, observe real plant cells in different stages of mitosis. Investigation 2 Option B: Mitosis Pipe Cleaner Simulation Using pipe cleaners, model the movement of chromosomes through the stages of mitosis by moving and repositioning pipe cleaners in each stage. Note: Investigation 1 should go into your notes. Investigation 2 will be completed for credit – project/ lab grade Objectives for Class: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

Bio 9C: Friday, 2.11.10 Title: Stages of Mitosis Investigation Period 2 Homework: Complete the Investigation II Discussion Questions by Monday Do Now: Pick up where you left off during yesterday’s investigation of Mitosis. If you weren’t here, start with Investigation I. Today’s Objectives: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells

Mitosis Investigations Investigation 1: Mitosis Trading Cards Activity Working in Pairs, match the picture of the stage of the cell cycle and/ or stage of mitosis with the written explanation of that picture. Choose one of the following 2 options for your second Investigation Investigation 2 Option A: Plant Cells in Mitosis Using Microscopes, observe real plant cells in different stages of mitosis. Investigation 2 Option B: Mitosis Pipe Cleaner Simulation Using pipe cleaners, model the movement of chromosomes through the stages of mitosis by moving and repositioning pipe cleaners in each stage. Note: Investigation 1 should go into your notes. Investigation 2 will be completed for credit – project/ lab grade Objectives for Class: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

Bio 9C: Monday, 2.14.11 Title: Stages of Mitosis Investigations – Per3 Homework: Complete the Investigation II Discussion Questions Do Now: 1. For each cell shown below: How many chromosomes are there? Are they un-replicated or replicated? a) b) c) 2. Why is it important for chromosomes to replicate during the cell cycle? Today’s Objectives: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells

Mitosis Investigations Investigation 1: Mitosis Trading Cards Activity Working in Pairs, match the picture of the stage of the cell cycle and/ or stage of mitosis with the written explanation of that picture. Choose one of the following 2 options for your second Investigation Investigation 2 Option A: Plant Cells in Mitosis Using Microscopes, observe real plant cells in different stages of mitosis. Investigation 2 Option B: Mitosis Pipe Cleaner Simulation Using pipe cleaners, model the movement of chromosomes through the stages of mitosis by moving and repositioning pipe cleaners in each stage. Note: Investigation 1 should go into your notes. Investigation 2 will be completed for credit – project/ lab grade Objectives for Class: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

Bio 9C: Tuesday, 2.15.11 Title: Stages of Mitosis Review Homework: Study for tomorrow’s quiz – see assignment sheet for review Do Now: Next Slide… Today’s Objectives: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells

Short Activity: Plant Cells in Mitosis Can you identify the different stages? Objectives for Class: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

Mitosis Whole-Class Review

M-Phase: Mitotic Division Mitosis: Chromosomes separate to form two new nuclei Cytokinesis: Cell splits to form two new identical cells Objectives for Class: Describe the purpose and steps of mitosis and cytokinesis. Draw diagrams showing how mitosis/cytokinesis separate chromosomes into two new cells. .

Stages of Mitosis Step 1: Prophase Step 3: Anaphase Step 2: Metaphase Step 4: Telophase

Cell Division in Mitosis Animal Cell Mitosis under the Microscope: 12_06AnimalMitosis_SV.mpg Stages of Mitosis Video: Mitosis.mpg

Interphase Animal Cell Plant Cells Objectives for Class: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

Mitosis Stages: Prophase Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide) Spindle fibers form between the ends (poles) of cell. Objectives for Class: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

Mitosis Stages: Metaphase Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell Spindle fibers attach to sister chromatids, as they prepare to pull them apart Objectives for Class: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

Mitosis Stages: Anaphase Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell Objectives for Class: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

Mitosis Stages: Telophase Two new nuclei form Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads rather than rods) Mitosis ENDS Objectives for Class: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

Cytokinesis Cell membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells – each with its own nucleus with identical chromosomes Objectives for Class: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

Stages of Mitosis Objectives for Class: Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.

Mitosis Individual Review Time

Quiz Review: DNA Structure & Replication and the Cell Cycle Diagram and describe the structure of DNA and… Label the following parts: deoxyribose sugar phosphate nitrogenous bases hydrogen bonds. Show proper pairing between nitrogenous bases. Define each of the following terms and explain how they all relate to each other: DNA Genes Chromosomes Nucleotides Describe the steps of DNA replication. Diagram and describe the structure of a chromosome. Draw a chromosome and label the centromere and sister chromatids. Distinguish between un-replicated and replicated chromosomes. Explain the purpose and overall result of the cell cycle. Describe what happens in each step of the cell cycle: Interphase G1 phase S phase G2 phase Mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis Draw and/or label a diagram of mitosis.

Bio 9C: Wednesday, 2.16.11 Title: Quiz – DNA Structure Replication and the Cell Cycle Homework: Read pages 300-302 in the textbook. Take active reading notes to answer the following questions: How is RNA different from DNA? What are the functions of the 3 different types of RNA? What happens during transcription? Do Now: Clear your desks and get ready for the quiz Today’s Objectives: Demonstrate knowledge of DNA and the Cell Cycle on a quiz

Quiz: DNA Structure & Replication and the Cell Cycle No talking If you have a question or need something from your bag, please raise your hand and ask permission When done, please put your quiz face down on the kidney table in the appropriate pile (version A or version B). Read pages 300-302 in the textbook. Take active reading notes to answer the following questions: How is RNA different from DNA? What are the functions of the 3 different types of RNA? What happens during transcription?

Transition to RNA Structure and Function PowerPoint ..\RNA, Transcription, Translation\PHA_Bio9_RNA_9C.pptx