ULOGA RIZNICE U EFIKASNOSTI POSLOVANJA KORPORACIJE

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Presentation transcript:

ULOGA RIZNICE U EFIKASNOSTI POSLOVANJA KORPORACIJE Dr. sc. LJUBO JURČIĆ EKONOMSKI FAKULTET ZAGREB

RIZNICA Odgovorna: Za upravljanje gotovinom i vrijednosnim papirima Za planiranje strukture kapitala Za trgovinu dionica i obveznica Za pokriće kamatnog, deviznog, likvidnog i drugih rizika u financijskom poslovanju

RIZNICA Nadgleda: Upravljanje kreditima Upravljanje zalihama Planiranje dugoročnih investicija (capital budgeting) Učestvuje u izradi strateškog plana

RIZNICA Uzima od poduzeća koja imaju višak i posuđuje poduzećima u grupi koji imaju manjak novčanih sredstava Višak novca plasira na novčanom tržištu Posuđuje novac na financijskom tržištu sukladno strategiji poslovanja

FINANCIJSKI SEKTOR U KORPORACIJI Vice-President/Sales Vice-President/Finance Vice-President/Manufactur Manages Directly Cash and Marketable Securities Plans the Firm’s Capital Structure. Treasurer Controler Credit Manager Inventory Manager Director of Capital Budgeting Cost Accounting Financial Accounting Tax Department

Ukupna proizvodnja, prosječni i granični prinos Godišnje proizvodnje Q Q b Diminishing returns set in here Input X 1 Q / X1 ΔQ/ΔX1 PP Input X ! fig GP

Ukupna proizvodnja, prosječni i granični prinos Maximum output Q Vrijednost godišnje proizvodnje b Količina inputa X1 b PP = Q/X1, GP = ΔQ /ΔX1 PP Količina inputa X1 fig GP

KONTOLING I FINANCIJE F I N A C J E 1. R & D Q / X 1 = GP1 K O N T R L 2.PRIPREMA PROIZVODNJE Q / X2 = GP2 3. NABAVA Q / X3 = GP3 4. a) PROIZVODNJA b) PROIZVODNJA Q / X4 = GP4 5. MARKETING Q / X5 = GP5 6. PRODAJA Q / X6 = GP6 7. SERVIS NAKON PRODAJE Q / X7 = GP7

KONTOLING I FINANCIJE FINANCIJSKO F I NANCIJSKO R I Z N C A TRŽIŠTE 1. R & D K O N T R L I G F I N A C J E FINANCIJSKO F I NANCIJSKO R I Z N C A 2.PRIPREMA PROIZVODNJE TRŽIŠTE TRŽIŠTE 3. NABAVA 4. a) PROIZVODNJA b) PROIZVODNJA 5. MARKETING 6. PRODAJA 7. SERVIS NAKON PRODAJE

OPTIMALIZACIJA ULAGANJA Optimalna se kombinacija ulaganja u proizvodne inpute (ili djelatnosti) ostvaruje onda i samo onda kad je odnos graničnog prinosa (proizvoda) pojedinog inputa (faktora) i njegove cijene jednak za sve inpute.. . . . .

OPTIMALIZACIJA ULAGANJA ∂Q / X1 ∂Q / X2 ∂Q / X3 ∂Q / Xn = = = PX1 PX2 PX2 PXn

TOKOVI GOTOVINE – CASH FLOWS FINANCIJSKO TRŽIŠTE (F) Prihodi od emitiranih vrijednosnica Investiranje poduzeća u imovinu Kratkoročno kreditiranje Dividende i otplate kredita (C) Zadržana dobit Dugoročno kreditiranje Kratkotrajna imovina Dugotrajna imovina (B) Novčani tok iz poduzeća Tržište vrijednosnica (E) (A) Ukupna vrijednost imovine Država (D) Ukupna vrijednost poduzeća za investitore na novčanom tržištu

BRUTO VRIJEDNOST PROIZVODNJE

ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED - EVA Economic Value Added is determined by subtracting a capital charge for the business assets from the operating profit (NOPAT – net operating profit after tax). The cost of capital accounts for both the cost of equity and the cost of debt. NOPAT before financing interest and after tax 14 Economic Value Added (EVA) 4 Capital charge 10 Business assets: 100 Cost of capital: 10%

Elimination and avoidance of unproductive assets (Asset Management) For the increase of the GWB the increase of the turnover – ratio of the assets employed is an important factor; the actions of improvement focus on the major asset-categories: fixed assets, inventories, receivables and payables Actions of improvements: Reductions of employed fixed assets Cost reductions in mechanical engineering Reductions of production steps Increase of the productivity of the capital Reduction of inventories (Total Supply Chain-Process) Reduction of receivables (Order to Cash-Process) Increase of payables (Purchase to Pay-Process) Intangible Assets Fixed Assets Fixed Assets Financial Assets Net- Current Assets Inventories Turnover-ratio= Turnover/Assets Receivables Total assets Inventories Receivables Payables Fixed assets Payables Net-current assets

The main drivers of the ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED - EVA A long-term success of increasing the EVA can only be achieved by employing all three main drivers * NOPAT EVA = Cost of capital Business assets Business assets Increase return on business already employed Growth through investment in projects with a positive business value Elimination of unproductive assets

5 ACTION POINTS HELP IN REDUCING WORKING CAPITAL 1. DIFERRENTIATION 2. STANDARDIZATION 3. ELIMINATION 4. INTEGRATION 5. CONTROLLING

UMJESTO ZAKLJUČKA Uspjeh korporacije ovisi o: Cash management Credit management Assets management