Romanticism in American Art and Literature

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American Romanticism

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Presentation transcript:

Romanticism in American Art and Literature 1800-1855

What led to Romanticism? Independence in religion and politics Expansion in America Urbanization and industrialism (dehumanization) Confusion generated by science (Darwin, for example)

Growing Distrust of Reason Age of Reason Romanticism Society is good because it curbs violent impulses. Civilization corrupts!

Characteristics of Romanticism 1. Individualism stability of the community fulfillment of the individual

Characteristics of Romanticism 2. The Rugged Hero Youthful, innocent, intuitive One with nature Loner Handsome, brave, moral and honorable

Characteristics of Romanticism 3. Individualism in Art The artist is -Apart from society -A social critic and revolutionary -A genius -The true philosopher

Characteristics of Romanticism 4. Emotionalism Backlash against rationalism characterized by Age of Reason Feeling is the test of authenticity (not reason)

Characteristics of Romanticism Emotionalism Continued Imagination, intuition, and inspiration  creation of all art forms Romantic artist = “inspired creator” (not “technical master”) Emphasis on spontaneity rather than being precision, control, or realism

Characteristics of Romanticism Emotionalism Continued Romantic love is a subject of poetry Poetry is a form of emotional communication Painful and pleasurable emotions are equally valid to Romantic poets

Characteristics of Romanticism 5. Rejection of Traditional Authority Influenced by American and French Revolutions Authority derives from self Questioning of government and societal hierarchies Political statements popular in art

Characteristics of Romanticism 6. Nature and Mysticism Love of and spiritual involvement with nature Supernatural, awesome, horrifying, and overwhelming power of nature all highlighted

Characteristics of Romanticism 7. Primitivism “civilization corrupts” The child raised with the greatest possible freedom will develop in more admirable ways Youth and infancy are valued above wisdom of old age Innocence more valued than experience Humans born into innocence (Puritans?)

Characteristics of Romanticism 8. Romantic Escapism Urban vs. Rural settings The romantic journey is to the countryside Cities= greed, poverty, and dehumanization (Industrial Revolution) Nature = escape, independence, moral clarity and purity

The Gothic novel Wild, haunted landscapes Supernatural events Mysterious Dreams and madness Interest in unknown and unknowable Poe was America’s greatest Romantic gothic writer

JMW Turner Fisherman at Sea

JMW Turner The Chancel and Crossing of Tintern Abbey, Looking Towards the East Window

Caspar David Freidrich Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog Infinite potential and possibility of man Awesome, mysterious grandeur of nature

Caspar David Friedrich Abbey on an Oak Forest

Thomas Cole The Clove Catskills

Thomas Cole The Course of an Empire The Savage State

The Arcadian or Pastoral State

The Consummation of Empire

The Destruction

Desolation