Volume 51, Issue 2, Pages 524-533 (February 2007) Seminal Plasma Cytokines and Chemokines in Prostate Inflammation: Interleukin 8 as a Predictive Biomarker in Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia  Giuseppe Penna, Nicola Mondaini, Susana Amuchastegui, Selene Degli Innocenti, Marco Carini, Gianluca Giubilei, Benedetta Fibbi, Enrico Colli, Mario Maggi, Luciano Adorini  European Urology  Volume 51, Issue 2, Pages 524-533 (February 2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2006.07.016 Copyright © 2006 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Cytokine and chemokine levels in seminal plasma. Seminal plasma levels (mean±SE) of the indicated cytokines (upper panel) and chemokines (lower panel) were determined by multiplex sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in healthy controls (n=20) and in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome IIIA (n=9), IIIB (n=31), and benign prostatic hyperplasia (n=23). *p<0.05, **p<0.005, ***p<0.0005 versus healthy controls or other groups, as indicated, by Mann–Whitney nonparametric U test. European Urology 2007 51, 524-533DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2006.07.016) Copyright © 2006 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Predictive value of seminal plasma interleukin 8 (IL-8) levels in the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for IL-8 in control versus CP/CPPS (upper left panel), CP/CPPS IIIB (upper right panel), and CP/CPPS IIIA (lower left panel) are shown. In the lower right panel the ROC curve for IL-8 in CP/CPPS IIIA versus IIIB is shown. Relative sensitivity and specificity for the indicated IL-8 levels and accuracy (area under ROC curve) are reported inside each box, along with statistical significance. European Urology 2007 51, 524-533DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2006.07.016) Copyright © 2006 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Production of interleukin 8 by prostate cells in situ and recruitment of inflammatory cells expressing cognate receptors. Frozen prostate samples obtained by transurethral resection of the prostate were stained by monoclonal antibodies specific for the indicated markers, as described in “Patients and methods.” Results refer to prostate samples from a representative patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia of 13 examined by immunohistochemistry. Original magnifications ×400. European Urology 2007 51, 524-533DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2006.07.016) Copyright © 2006 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Positive correlation of interleukin 8 (IL-8) with symptom score and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Associations of log IL-8 seminal plasma levels with clinical (symptom scores) and biochemical (log PSA levels) correlates in patients with CP/CPPS (A and C) and BPH (B and D) and controls. The 95% confidence limits for each linear relationship are shown. Adjusted r (β) is derived from multivariate analysis after adjustment for age. European Urology 2007 51, 524-533DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2006.07.016) Copyright © 2006 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions