DNA Notes The Genetic Code A. Genes and DNA B. Order of the Bases

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Presentation transcript:

DNA Notes The Genetic Code A. Genes and DNA B. Order of the Bases * Main fnctn of genes is to make proteins which determine traits ( eye color etc) A. Genes and DNA * A gene is part of the DNA that has info for one protein * ATGC are the nitrogen bases B. Order of the Bases * The order of the bases ( ATGC) form the genetic code * 3 Bases ( CGA) = amino acid

II. How Cells Make Proteins The gene has the info. to make a protein Proteins are made in the ribosomes ( in the cytoplasm) A. The Role of RNA RNA = Ribonucleic Acid RNA = one strand RNA = U instead of T B. Types of RNA mRNA – delivers DNA’s message to the ribosome tRNA – Picks up amino acids and adds them to the protein chain.

III. Mutations A mutation is a change in a gene or chromosome It makes the cell make the wrong protein A. Types of Mutations Wrong pair combo ( A-C) Chromosomes don’t separate A piece of a chromo. Stuck on Bases missing B. Effects of Mutations Can be helpful, harmful, or nothing Sometimes the environment dictates

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