Do now activity #1 What is the difference between genotype and phenotype? What is the difference between gametes and sex chromosomes? Name at least 3 different types of traits a dog can have. Name at least 3 forms of evidence that genetic variation exists in the human species.

Section 5-1: from parents to offspring Essential Question: How does genetic information from parents result in the characteristics of offspring? Section 5-1: from parents to offspring Learning Target Explain the role of DNA and chromosomes in passing traits from parents to offspring.

Last day to turn in LATE WORK is 11/30/16. announcements Biology Tutoring this week: Lunch B (Tuesday & Thursday) 7:00AM (Monday – Friday) After school Biology Tutoring: Tuesday Last day to turn in LATE WORK is 11/30/16.

announcements Available Extra Credit: Tissue Box = 2 Points Color Printer Paper = 10 Points Plastic Pencil Box = 5 Points Canned Food = 1 Point

Don’t forget to chunk your notes!

Overview Genetics The scientific study of heredity, how traits are passed down from parent to offspring

Gregor Mendel is considered the Father of Genetics. overview Gregor Mendel is considered the Father of Genetics.

The foundation of genetics is based off of a pea plant! overview The foundation of genetics is based off of a pea plant!

Mendel studied genetics by working in a garden that had ___ _____ . overview Mendel studied genetics by working in a garden that had ___ _____ . Pea plants

overview He studied their ___________ . He observed the _______ he could see and the ones he could not see. traits

Look at your vocabulary! Discussion question What is a trait? Look at your vocabulary! A specific characteristic

Discussion answer Eye color Hair color Tall vs. Short Trait: a specific characteristic that can change from one individual to another Examples: Eye color Hair color Tall vs. Short

Passing on traits Mendel had 7 true-breeding pea plants. These types of plants produce offspring that are identical to the parents.

How come the offspring of the plants were identical to the parents? discussion question How come the offspring of the plants were identical to the parents?

The DNA from the parent plant was passed down to the offspring. discussion answer The DNA from the parent plant was passed down to the offspring.

During ______ , sex cells are created. Passing on traits meiosis During ______ , sex cells are created.

Passing on traits Sperm/egg The male gamete is known as _____. The female gamete is known as _____.

These sperm and egg contain DNA in the form of _________ . Passing on traits chromosomes These sperm and egg contain DNA in the form of _________ .

These chromosomes contain genetic (genes) information. Passing on traits These chromosomes contain genetic (genes) information.

Genes are found in DNA. They code for the _____ organisms have. Passing on traits traits Genes are found in DNA. They code for the _____ organisms have.

Predicting traits Alleles: different forms of a gene (codes for trait). Alleles occur in pairs.

Predicting traits Mendel cross bred his true-breeding (homozygous) plants with differences in the same trait. ` Example: Tall vs. Short

Predicting traits This gave Mendel heterozygous (hybrid) offspring. Hybrid: cross between parents with different forms of a trait cyclins

Predicting traits This gave Mendel heterozygous (hybrid) offspring. Hybrid: cross between parents with different forms of a trait cyclins

Predicting traits This gave Mendel heterozygous (hybrid) offspring. Hybrid: cross between parents with different forms of a trait cyclins

How is it possible to have pea plant offspring when the genes were Question! How is it possible to have 100% TALL pea plant offspring when the genes were 50% Tall and 50% Short? cyclins