Learning and Culture Flourish Chapter 8, Section 4 Learning and Culture Flourish

Learning and Culture Flourish Prosperity Brings Need for Education Royal rulers needed to be literate Clergy needed to be better educated Universities are born First for clergy, then for laypeople Religious studies are important though not the only course of study (law and medicine) Women didn’t attend uni but could be well- educated if wealthy

Europeans Acquire “New” Learning Muslims Record and Save Lost Knowledge Ancient Greek texts translated into Arabic and Latin then shared with Christians Struggling with New Ideas The newly translated Greek philosophies conflicted with Christian belief. Greek = Logic to discover truths, Christian = Faith to understand questions Scholasticism tries to resolve the conflict Reason and Logic supporting Christian beliefs in harmony Saint Thomas Aquinas and the Summa Theologica Science and Medicine Hindu-Arabic Numerals adopted over Roman Numerals

Medieval Literature Vernacular and Latin Latin spoken by the clergy and scholars Vernacular spoken by everyday man German, French, & Italian Literature Reflect the Common Language Generally in the form of epic poems or stories of heroic deeds Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri Epic poem about a trip into Hell Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer

Architecture & Art Architecture Art Romanesque to Gothic Heavy, bulky, and short construction gives way to light, airy, and tall structures. The Cathedral is Born Tall Spires, Open Interiors, and Flying Buttresses Gargoyle Sculptures and Stained Glass Art Art Religious and Historical Themes Altarpieces for churches Tapestries