Complete this using the reading Absolutism 1. ___________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________ 3. ___________________________________________ Draw on page #12 (top half) Complete this using the reading 1. ___________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________ 3. ___________________________________________

Absolutism Religious and territorial conflicts created fear and uncertainty Growth of armies to deal with conflicts caused rulers to raise taxes Heavy taxes led to more unrest Check your answers Regulate religious worship and gatherings to control spread of ideas Increased size of courts to appear more powerful Created bureaucracies to control economies

English Civil War and Glorious Revolution Reading First we will read the beginning together and answer #1. Then you will be assigned a paragraph in your “group” and you will read that paragraph and answer the corresponding answers Group 1 reads “King James” Questions 2&3 Group 2 reads “Charles in Charge” Questions 4&5 Group 3 reads “The English Civil War” Question 6 Group 4 reads “Glorious Revolution” Questions 7&8

The English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution Draw a timeline down the middle of page in your notebook

Draw a timeline in your notes on Pg 13. Recommendation wait until after you write the information to draw the boxes.

1603 – King James I After Queen Elizabeth’s death, her cousin the King of Scotland, becomes the King of England Enter King James I King James Raises taxes and this made Parliament very angry…

1625 – King Charles I When James dies, his son Charles I became king. Charles dissolves (breaks up) Parliament but later has to call them back because he needs money.

Quick recap Basically at this point, Parliament has had it with the King of England.

1642 – Civil War Begins They give the King one last chance! Parliament agrees to help Charles if they can control the army. Charles doesn't agree and instead decides to invade Parliament.

1646 – Abolish Monarchy The Cavaliers (King’s troops) are successful at first but eventually, the Roundheads (led by Oliver Cromwell) win. Charles I was beheaded in public 3 years later. “If it makes you feel any better, this is just part of an experiment in democracy and limited government.”

1653 – Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell declares himself “Lord Protector” (which is really just a nice way to say military dictator)

Sorry for beheading your dad Charles, but will you be king please?? 1660 - Restoration After Oliver Cromwell dies, his son tries to keep power but is unsuccessful. Many of Cromwell’s policies were very unpopular (who doesn’t want to celebrate Christmas??) England decides to bring back the king and they ask King Charles in Scottland to be king. Sorry for beheading your dad Charles, but will you be king please?? Sure!!

1685 – James II King Charles II dies without a legitimate heir so his brother, James, becomes king. The only problem with James is that he has done the unforgivable…. He has married… a CATHOLIC!

1688 - Glorious Revolution To avoid the issues they had during the civil war, the English decided to invite James I’ older daughter, Mary, and her husband, William, (both protestant) to be the queen and king of England. They accepted (it was glorious) and James II fled to France.

1689 – English Bill of Rights Parliament was finally in charge and to make sure that the monarch in England never tried to over power them again, they had William and Mary sign the English Bill of Rights Power was transferred to Parliament and English will from here on remain a Constitutional Monarchy.

Government Principles Review pg. 15 First we need to review the principles of government that came from the enlightenment…

Separation of Powers Idea came from: French philosopher, Baron de Montesquieu presented in The Spirit of Laws 3 independent and equal branches of government with a system of checks and balances

Checks and Balances System designed to prevent any one branch of government from dominating the others.

Liberty A political philosophy proposing the idea that an individual has the right to act according to his or her own individual liberty

Equality An idea that each individual is subject to the same laws, with no individual or group having special legal privileges

Democracy A political form of government characterized by either direct rule by the people (direct democracy) or by elected representatives of the people (representative democracy).

Popular Sovereignty The concept that political power rests with the people who create and can change and end government. The voice of the people is heard through voting and free participation in government.

Human Rights The inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, as well as freedom of speech, religion, and the press.

Constitutionalism An idea that the basic principles and laws of a government should be organized and administered through compliance with a written or unwritten constitution.

Nationalism The belief that each nationality (ethnic group) is entitled to its own government and national homeland and is superior to others Shown through national culture with a common language, religion, and history symbols of nations (flags & anthems)

How did the following ideas influence the political revolutions of this era?