Map Exercise Use the maps on pages 822 and 828 you need to do the following In GREEN, color in the extent of all Axis power countries In BLUE, color the Allied Nations In RED, color and label (years) of German advances in Europe and Allied advances in Asia On Europe Map: Label: Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Soviet Union, Austria, France, Great Britain, Italy, Norway Label: English Chanel, North Sea, Atlantic Ocean On Asia Map: Label: Philippines, Japan, Manchuria, Hawaii, Australia, Soviet Union Label: Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean

Hitler’s Lightning War

Invasion of Poland Germany invaded Poland on September 1st, 1939 Warsaw crumbled under the attack France and GB declared war two days later but it did not help New Germany military strategy called blitzkrieg, or “lightning war.” Involved using fast-moving airplanes and tanks, followed by massive infantry forces, to take the enemy by surprise

Soviets make their move September 17th, Stalin took eastern half of Poland as promised by Hitler Took over other areas of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia with no resistance Finland became a thorn in the Soviets side Over time, the Soviets won just because of sheer numbers The phony war Allied troops made fortifications on Maginot Line and German forces made fortifications on the Siegfried Line Became known, jokingly, as the sitzkrieg, or “sitting war” April 9, 1940  phony war ended when Hitler invaded Denmark and Norway to attack GB

France Fights and Falls Belgium is going to surrender Evacuation of Dunkirk Use of over 850 ships to sail b/w England and France to rescue over 338,000 soldiers Mussolini joins up with Hitler and attacks from the south France is going to have to surrender June 22, 1940  France surrenders General Charles de Gaulle flees to London to set up a government-in-exile to reconquer France.

Great Britain Stands All Alone

Great Britain is attacked by Germany w/o France, GB stood alone against Nazis New Prime Minister Winston Churchill said he would never surrender Operation Sea Lion  Germany to take out GB’s RAF (Royal Air Force) Easily outnumbered RAF and led to bombing of GB cities, such as London GB had two weapons: radar and enigma Radar could see how many, speed of enemy warplanes Enigma allowed for them to receive secret messages Even through the night raids, GB fought hard and Hitler called off the attacks

London in WWII

The London “Tube”: Air Raid Shelters during the Blitz

War in the Balkans German commander Erwin Rommel helped Mussolini take over GB in North Africa Hitler has been planning of attacking his Soviet ally for over a year Needed the Balkans to set up shop and did not want British interference Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary joined the axis Yugoslavia and Greece fought but lost Now Hitler turns around and attacks his ally

Hitler Invades the Soviet Union Operation Barbarossa Rolled on week after week until Germans were 500 miles into the Soviet Union Took over Leningrad Hitler would starve them to death but when they would cave, he turned his eyes on Moscow As Germans made it farther in Soviet Union, the Soviets would burn and destroy everything, sound familiar? General Zhukov had the Siberian winter and new Siberian divisions on his side and fought the Germans Germans still had summer uniforms and their weapons began to freeze, wanted to retreat Hitler said “NO RETREAT!!” and the Germans lost 500,000 lives and Moscow was saved

U.S. joins the war (kind of…) President FDR gets Congress to pass the Lend-Lease Act of 1941 The U.S. could lend or lease arms and other supplies to any country vital to U.S. Now Hitler, in response, ordered his subs to sink any cargo ships they met U.S. & Germany in undeclared naval war Because Hitler kept sinking American ships FDR and Churchill met secretly to sign the Atlantic Charter People can choose their own government

U. S. Lend-Lease Act, 1941 Great Britain........................$31 billion Soviet Union........................$11 billion France..................................$3 billion China....................................$1.5 billion Other European...................$500 million South America.....................$400 million The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000

Lend-Lease Act

Japan Seeks Pacific Empire America caught onto Japan’s plan of overtaking regions in SE Asia  could try to take Philippines and Guam FDR cut off all ties and oil with Japan Japan wanted to catch US off guard with two attacks simultaneously December 7, 1941  “A date which will live in infamy.” Pearl Harbor attacked by Japanese Over 2,400 killed and 1,000 wounded 18 ships sunk or damaged (incl. 8 battleships)  ½ of Pacific Fleet US knew that an attack might come, just did not know where or when The next day, US Congress declared war on Japan