All-Out War Total War Economic resources on war effort USA. Planes and tanks instead of refrigerators Ended unemployment of the depression era Interned Japanese Americans and German Americans Women built ships, planes, and ammunition Soviet women in combat roles

Allies Forge Ahead Aircraft Carriers- ships that transport aircraft and accommodate the take-off and landing of airplanes Battle of Midway Allied victory, entirely air fought Big Three- Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin Allied Victory in North Africa

Allies Forge Ahead Able to advance through Italy with North Africa under control Invaded Italy defeated Italian forces in a month Germans have to send troops Stalingrad Germans lose turning point for Soviets

Allies Push Toward Germany Eisenhower plans D-Day Assault D-Day invasion of France 156,000 Allied Troops Got to Normandy Patton helped allies break through Ger defenses Took Paris

Allies Push Toward Germany Bombardment of Germany Crippled Ger industry, cities, military bases Took France army moved toward Ger Battle of the Bulge Germany attempted to break through allied lines Hitler loses support

Allies Push Toward Germany Yalta Conference- the three would attack Japan How to Divide Germany

Nazis Defeated Axis armies surrender March 1945 Mussolini captured and executed in Italy Hitler committed Suicide May 7 Germany surrendered V-E Day 5/8/1945 12 yrs long

Struggle for the Pacific Japan control Philippines Bataan Death March, 10,000 die on 65 mile march Island-Hopping- recapture Japanese held Islands General Douglas MacArthur By 1944 US Navy blockaded Japan Bombed Japan cities

Defeat for Japan Japan still had 2 million man army Bloody battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa Japanese rather fight to the death than surrender Kamikaze- pilots who undertook suicide missions, crashing their explosive-laden planes into USA warships Allied leaders planned for invasion *Manhattan Project

Defeat for Japan FDR Dies, *Truman becomes president Use atomic bomb to save American lives Told Japan to surrender or face “complete destruction” and “utter devastation”

Utter Devastation 8/6/1945 USA dropped atomic bomb on Hiroshima Instantly killed 70,000, many died after from radioactive sickness No response so second bomb dropped on Nagasaki 40,000 killed Emperor Hirohito forced the government to surrender 9/2/1945 formal peace signed

The Wars Aftermath Millions of Refugees Hunger, disease, mental illness Didn’t learn of inhumanity of concentration camps till after war War crime trials Nuremburg 200 tried, most found guilty USA helped establish democracies in Europe and Japan

Establishing the United Nations UN Charter- each country has one vote *Security council- USA, Russia, Britain, France, China had right to veto *Goal to ensure peace, settle dispute, end wars Sanctions Peace keeping military force Helped nations with basic humanitarian needs

Alliance breaks apart USA and Soviet Union world powers Reparations and nature of government different Cold War- a state of tension and hostility between nations aligned with the USA on one side and Soviets on the other, without armed conflict between the major rivals

Alliance breaks apart *Stalin wanted Buffer zone and to “protect” Eastern Europe Eastern Europe become communistic

New Conflicts Develop *Truman Doctrine- containment, limiting communism to the areas already under soviet control Sent military and economic aid *Marshall Plan- aid package that funneled food and economic assistance to Western Europe to help countries rebuild *West Germany (USA, BR, Fr) Easter Germany Soviets (4 sections total)

New Conflicts Develop Berlin split into east and west as well Berlin Airlift, used to get resources to Berlin despite the fact they were cut off from West Germany *NATO- USA, Can and 10 other states formed military alliance *Warsaw Pact- Soviet Union 7 satellite states Eastern and western Blocs Propaganda War