Emergent and Guided Narrative for Training and Education in Virtual Worlds Mark Riedl Research Scientist Institute for Creative Technologies University.

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Presentation transcript:

Emergent and Guided Narrative for Training and Education in Virtual Worlds Mark Riedl Research Scientist Institute for Creative Technologies University of Southern California

11/18/2018

Storytelling Storytelling is a pervasive part of our world and our culture Stories in entertainment: Movies; Novels; Games Stories for training and education: Motivation; Illustration; Case studies Can story be applied to interactive learning system? 11/18/2018

Story in Interactive Training? Interactive case study Evaluate and analyze  direct experience Interactivity means trainee can do things differently from original story How to ensure relevance of experience plus trainee agency? Hypothesis: We can use story to manage the interactive experience of the trainee Not using story to teach Story establishes relevant learning situations Separation of scenario from instruction 11/18/2018

Introduction to narrative tension time Exposition Rising action Crisis Falling action Dénouement Climax Inciting incident What is story? Recounting of a sequence of events Considered to have plot which is structured Narrative has 3 levels of interpretation Text/Media Sjužet Fabula Focus on fabula for interactive systems Aristotle’s arc is not actually an arc. Call it a function or something like that. Say that Aristotle’s arc is an abstract view. Narratologists break narrative down into 3 levels of interpretation Text/Media Sjužet Fabula 11/18/2018

Narrative and Pedagogy Emergent narrative Narrative psychology “Construction of reality” Guided narrative Telling a story Constraining the world or user agency Correlation between narrative and pedagogy Emergent narrative  constructivist learning Guided narrative  guided teaching Why structure learner’s experience as narrative? Situated learning through dramatic role-playing Memory and “well-structured” narrative Durative belief change Transfer of tacit knowledge 11/18/2018

Intelligent Experience Guidance Drama management Control vs. Coherence Common approach: Branching 11/18/2018

Interactive Narrative for Training Goal: A system that uses story to control a trainee’s experiences in a training simulation Interactive Narrative: Tell a story in which user is an active participant User decisions and actions can affect the direction and outcome of plot User engages in role-playing Virtual world populated by NPCs Requirements: Constructive simulation  emergence Narrative coherence  relevant learning situations [narrative generation to adapt, preserving control and coherence] 11/18/2018

Relevant learning situations Example Back story Peacekeeping in the marketplace The characters: Saleh, Mohammed The scenario: Mohammed (Shi’a) sets himself up in favorable light Saleh (Sunni) is demonstrates anti-American sentiment Mohammed sneaks off to a nearby Mosque and acquires a bomb from an insurgent conspirator Mohammed secretly plants the bomb in Saleh’s area Bomb goes off but is a dud – no one gets hurt Player manages ensuing chaos and attempts to assess blame … Relevant learning situations 11/18/2018

Experience Management Automated Story Director/Generator Mixed-simulation control Simulation – autonomous, interactive agents Story – expected trainee experience Manage the tension between simulation and story Believable agents Automated Story Director Updates Directives Directives Agent1 Agent2 11/18/2018

Automated Story Director Automated Director is a bridge between simulation and scenario Directs agents and monitors progress of trainee through scenario Dynamically adapts scenario to keep trainee progressing towards relevant situations Trainee may inadvertently avoid the relevant situations Trainee may make it impossible to progress towards the relevant situations At no point should trainee feel as if decision-making ability is taken away 11/18/2018

Story Plans and Plan Repair Story represented as a partially-ordered plan Complete story specification Causal analysis Plan repair Initial State not (detained Mo.) Player causes: (detained Mo.) 1: Acquire (Mo, bomb1) (has Mo. bomb1) not (detained Mo.) 2: Plant-Bomb (Mo, bomb1) Player causes: NOT (armed bomb1) (armed bomb1) (planted bomb1) 3: Dud (bomb1) (chaos market) Outcome 11/18/2018

6: Riot-Protest (crowd, H.) 1: Acquire (H., bomb1) Intermediate State 2: Plant (H., bomb1) 3: Dud (bomb1) Outcome (detained H.) (has H. bomb1) (armed bomb1) (planted bomb1) (detained H.) 4: Release (Hassan) (criminal H.) Initial State (detained H.) (detained H.) (armed bomb1) (detained H.) (armed bomb1) (criminal H.) (detained H.) 1: Acquire (H., bomb1) (has H. bomb1) 2: Plant (H., bomb1) (armed bomb1) (planted bomb1) 3: Dud (bomb1) Outcome Intermediate State 4: Plant (Con, bomb2) 5: Dud (bomb2) Outcome (detained Con) (armed bomb2) (planted bomb2) 5: Agitate (Con, crowd, H.) 6: Riot-Protest (crowd, H.) Outcome (detained Con) (agitated crowd) Intermediate State (detained H.) (detained Con) (armed bomb2) (detained Con) (agitated crowd) 11/18/2018

Proof-of-Concept System IN-TALE: Interactive Narrative – Tacit Adaptive Leader Experience Built on commercial game engine Agent controlled avatars High-level story direction 11/18/2018

Automated Story Direction Mohammed sets himself up in favorable light Mohammed Saleh Saleh demonstrates anti-American sentiment Mohammed sneaks to Mosque to acquire bomb from insurgent conspirator Mohammed secretly plants bomb in Saleh’s area Bomb goes off as a dud 11/18/2018

Automated Story Direction Mohammed sets himself up in favorable light Mohammed Saleh Saleh demonstrates anti-American sentiment Mohammed sneaks to Mosque to acquire bomb from insurgent conspirator Mohammed secretly plants bomb in Saleh’s area Bomb goes off as a dud 11/18/2018

Automated Story Direction Mohammed sets himself up in favorable light Mohammed Saleh Saleh demonstrates anti-American sentiment Mohammed sneaks to Mosque to acquire bomb from insurgent conspirator Mohammed secretly plants bomb in Saleh’s area Bomb goes off as a dud 11/18/2018

Automated Story Adaptation Mohammed sets himself up in favorable light Mohammed Saleh Saleh demonstrates anti-American sentiment Mohammed sneaks to Mosque to acquire bomb from insurgent conspirator Trainee catches Mohammed with bomb Mohammed is taken to detention Mohammed’s insurgent conspirator plants a bomb Bomb goes off as a dud Mohammed secretly plants bomb in Saleh’s area Bomb goes off as a dud 11/18/2018

Automated Story Adaptation Mohammed sets himself up in favorable light Mohammed Saleh Saleh demonstrates anti-American sentiment Mohammed sneaks to Mosque to acquire bomb from insurgent conspirator Trainee catches Mohammed with bomb Mohammed is taken to detention Mohammed’s insurgent conspirator plants a bomb Bomb goes off as a dud 11/18/2018

Automated Story Adaptation Mohammed sets himself up in favorable light Mohammed Saleh Saleh demonstrates anti-American sentiment Mohammed sneaks to Mosque to acquire bomb from insurgent conspirator Trainee catches Mohammed with bomb Mohammed is taken to detention Mohammed’s insurgent conspirator plants a bomb Bomb goes off as a dud 11/18/2018

Intelligent Tutoring in Simulations Inter-session “Tutoring”: setting parameters Pre-practice Tutoring: preparation & prevention Post-practice Tutoring: reflection & improvement STORY ENGINE Pre-practice, preventive phase. establish background and prep student Real-time during problem solving sessions in simulation focus of this talk After-action/Reflective phase to review, identify good/bad, learn how to improve Intersession tutor: (no student interactions) analyze all performance, set stage for next game such that specific learning goals are addressed On-line Tutoring: support during practice 11/18/2018

Intelligent Tutoring in Interactive Narrative On-line tutoring Diegetic or extra-diegetic tutor presence Request story adaptations – add practice Post-practice tutoring Explanation of unobserved events and 2nd and 3rd order effects Explainable AI Inter-session tutoring Request Story Director generate new scenarios Tutor and Story Director: Separate but equal? 11/18/2018

Summary and Conclusions Narrative psychology  “construction of reality” Emergent narrative Guided narrative Structure learner’s experience as narrative Facilitate constructivist learning Guided teaching Experience management to establish relevant learning situations Future work: Tutor to scaffold situations 11/18/2018

And they all lived happily ever after… The end.