Ending the War 1917-1918 US Enters the War in April of 1917 March 1918 Russia and Germany sign the Treaty of Brest- Litovsk Germans now use all resources on Western Front

Ending the War (1918) 2nd Battle of the Marne 2nd Battle of the Marne (June 1918) German troops fatigued US had 140,000 “fresh” troops Central Powers Crumble Revolutions in Austria Hungary German soldiers mutiny Kaiser Wilhelm abdicates on November 9th 1918

The Armistice is Signed! 11 a.m., November 11, 1918 The Armistice is Signed!

25_16.jpg Celebration of the Armistice, New York City 4

The Somme American Cemetary, France

Approximate Comparative Losses in World War I Figure 31.1: Approximate Comparative Losses in World War I ©Houghton Mifflin 6

Unprecedented Consequences

American Deaths in Conflicts

The war had also caused horrific damage to farms, forests, factories, towns, and homes throughout Europe. An Allied soldier described the villages he saw: They are utterly destroyed, so that there are not even skeletons of buildings left—nothing but a churned mass of debris, with bricks, stones and . . . bodies pounded to nothing. And forests! There are not even tree trunks left— not a leaf or a twig. All is buried and churned up again and buried again. —John Raws, August 4, 1916

Another cost of the war was hard to measure but very real—damage to the human spirit.   American poet Ezra Pound spoke for war-weary populations in both the United States and Europe when he wrote of the "myriad," or vast number, who had died "for a botched civilization."

Effects of World War I Before World War I feeling of optimism and progress of Human Kind After the War feelings of pessimism New forms of Art, Literature, Philosophy and Science (ex. Surrealism, “Lost” Generation, Psychoanalysis, Existentialism)

“Art” of World War I

“A Street in Arras” John Singer Sargent, 1918

“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

“Those Who Have Lost Their Names” Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

“Gassed and Wounded” Eric Kennington, 1918

“Paths of Glory” C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

Countries already severely burdened by the financial cost of war withered under the weight of these additional losses. For Europe, economic recovery would come very slowly in the years ahead.

Ending the War The Paris Peace Conference Meeting of the “Big Four” at the Paris Peace Conference Wilson Proposes his “14 points” “Big Four” create Treaty of Versailles

Ending the War The Paris Peace Conference Wilsons14 Points were intended to create a 'lasting peace.' He wanted to cure the world of the problems that caused the war

The Causes of WW1 Militarism: Glorifying military power Alliances: Pushed continent towards war Imperialism: Led to rivalry and mistrust amongst European nations Nationalism: Deep devotion to one’s Nation

The Big 4 Prime Minister David Lloyd George (Great Britian) Premier Vittorio Orlando, Italy, French Premier Georges Clemenceau, President Woodrow Wilson