Reptiles, Birds, & Mammals Wed 11, 2009

Reptiles

Reptiles Crocodilia- crocs, gators, caymens Squamata- lizards, snakes Testudines- turtles, tortoises Around 8-8,500 species Reptiles vertebrates or invertebrates?

Skeletal Endoskeleton with scales

Respiratory Like humans, All reptiles breathe using lungs Although adaptations allow some of them to hold massive amounts of oxygen

Digestion Relatively similar to humans. The digestive system is composed of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, and glands. In mammals, the esophagus is very muscular and moves food to the stomach. In the snake, however, the esophagus has very little muscle and food is moved to the stomach more by movement of the entire body.

Locomotion Movement occurs in various ways Lets name some different ways reptiles move.

Reproduction Most reptiles reproduce sexually, though some are capable of asexual reproduction. Most reptiles lay amniotic eggs covered with leathery or calcareous shells The egg provides all nutrients however offers only minimal protection from environmental factors. Environmental Factors?

Circulatory Closed circulatory system Most reptiles have a three-chamber heart. Crocodilians have an anatomically four-chambered heart Remember exceptions- pythons have a 3-chambered heart that become 4-chambered hearts during contraction.

Reptiles- Interesting facts Advantages-They have really thick skin that helps keep water in. They spend time moving around, looking for shady areas. Disadvantage-They are cold-blooded, which makes it difficult because they must avoid both high and low temperatures. Why can’t crocs and gators live in Cinci? Are mammals cold-blooded? What does this mean for us?

Birds

Birds Birds (class Aves) are bipedal, warm-blooded, vertebrate animals that lay eggs. About 10,000 living species

Respiratory Breathe via Lungs

Reproduction Reproduce Sexually Most birds are monogamous which allows for bi-parental care Why would this be an advantage? All birds lay amniotic eggs with hard shells made mostly of calcium carbonate

Skeletal Endoskeleton with skin covered with feathers

Locomotion Bipedalism- terrestrial locomotion where an organism moves by means of its two rear limbs. Humans are bipedal because we walk on our two rear limbs. Of course most fly, but not all

Circulatory Birds, like mammals, have a 4-chambered heart (2 atria & 2 ventricles) Birds have very efficient cardiovascular systems that permit them to meet the metabolic demands of flight (and running, swimming, or diving). The cardiovascular system not only delivers oxygen to body cells (and removes metabolic wastes) but also plays an important role in maintaining a bird's body temperature.

Digestion Crop- enlargement of the esophagus- Stomach Gizzard-traps indigestible matter

Interesting Facts Many species undertake long distance annual migrations, and many more perform shorter irregular movements. Birds are social; they communicate using visual signals and through calls and songs, and participate in social behaviors including cooperative breeding and hunting, flocking, and mobbing of predators.

Mammals

Mammals are Unique Named because of how young are fed- mammalian glands. Sweat Glands Advanced brain (neo cortex) Warm-blooded About 5,400 species

Skeletal Endoskeleton covered with skin and hair. It has developed muscles and generally four limbs attached

Respiratory Has lungs and breathes in oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide

Circulatory Closed circulatory system 4 chambered heart with blood vessels and arteries

Digestion A mammal has a developed digestive tract with mouth, teeth, stomach, intestines. Herbivores eat plants, carnivores eat meat and omnivores eat both

Locomotion They use their limbs to walk, climb, swim, and fly

Reproduction A mammal reproduces sexually with the female being fertilized by the male internally. Mammals have live birth and care for their young for quite a time after birth. Except for 5 species, mammals give birth to live young

Platypus

How are reptiles birds and mammals similar? Think about: skeletal structure/epidermis How they breathe How they acquire nutrients Circulatory systems Reproduction Development of digestion systems

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVjh02RmMnc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVjh02RmMnc