2018 Maryland Highway Safety Summit Pedestrian-involved Crashes and Bicyclist-involved Crashes: Perception vs Reality Kimberly Auman, MS and Marisa Bernarding 04/24/18 2018 Maryland Highway Safety Summit NSC Team Members: T. Kerns, C. Burch, J. Kufera, D. Knopp and L. Mitchell

Part 1: Pedestrian-involved Crashes An Overview

Data Sources Selection Criteria MAARS Reports 2012 - 2013 ACRS Reports 2014 – 2016 Selection Criteria All pedestrian on foot crashes between 2012-2016 from MAARS and ACRS

Number of Pedestrian-involved Crashes by Jurisdiction 2012-2016 Total Baltimore City 4,925 Baltimore 2,295 Montgomery 2,161 Prince Georges 2,009 Anne Arundel 1,113 Howard 296 Washington 260 Frederick 257 Harford 239 Worcester 236 Wicomico 217 Cecil 187 Charles 185 Carroll 182 St. Marys 123 Calvert 89 Dorchester 55 Talbot 52 Allegany 34 Queen Annes 31 Somerset 29 Garrett 24 Kent 22 Caroline 17 15,038 83.3% of all pedestrian crashes in Maryland occur in 5 jurisdictions

Number of Serious/Fatal Pedestrian-involved Crashes 2012-2016 Jurisdiction Total Baltimore City 401 Baltimore 385 Montgomery 368 Prince Georges 325 Anne Arundel 174 Worcester 72 Howard 59 Harford 57 Charles 55 Cecil 48 Washington Wicomico 44 Frederick 41 Carroll 37 St. Marys 35 Calvert 15 Talbot 13 Garrett 10 Queen Annes 9 Dorchester 7 Allegany 5 Caroline Somerset Kent 3 2,221 74.4% of all serious/fatal pedestrian crashes in Maryland occur in 5 jurisdictions

Top 5 Jurisdictions with Highest Percent Change from 2012-2015 compared to 2016   2012 2013 2014 2015 4 Year Average 2012-2015 2016 % Change n Carroll 28 31 36 33 32 54 68.8 Cecil 35 41 48 38.1 Charles 34 22 40 49 44.1 Dorchester 15 7 11 8 10 14 36.6 Frederick 42 47 71 52.7 Carroll, Frederick – Mid Western; Cecil – Balt. Metro; Charles-Potomac; Dorchester – Eastern Bay

Regions of Maryland: Western Region -- (Garrett, Allegany, Washington Counties) Mid-Western -- (Howard, Frederick, Carroll Counties) Baltimore Metro – (Baltimore, Harford, Cecil Counties and Baltimore City) Washington Metro -- (Montgomery, Prince George’s Counties) Potomac – (St. Mary’s, Charles Counties) Southern Chesapeake – (Anne Arundel, Calvert Counties) Eastern Bay -- (Talbot, Caroline, Dorchester, Kent, Queen Anne’s Counties) Lower Shore – (Wicomico, Somerset, Worcester Counties)

Common Belief: Pedestrians are most often at fault in pedestrian crashes, especially in fatal crashes.

Explanation of Culpability A crash may include the following groups: 1 pedestrian, 1 driver 1 pedestrian, 2 or more drivers 2 or more pedestrians, 1 driver 2 or more pedestrians, 2 or more drivers Culpability Responses include: Yes, No, Unknown for both pedestrians and drivers allowing for 9 possible combination of responses For Crashes involving 2 or more pedestrians or 2 or more drivers If any of the pedestrians were at fault, then pedestrian at fault was coded as “Yes” If any of the drivers were at fault, then driver at fault was coded as “Yes”

Do the type of clothes and where the pedestrian crosses the road matter?

What are the posted speeds on roads with the most fatal and serious injury pedestrian crashes? What road types do most fatal and serious injury collisions occur? What about roads with medians – do barriers make a difference?

Summary Statewide the number of pedestrian-involved crashes has steadily increased since 2012; however, the percentage of crashes was remained constant. The top 5 jurisdictions for pedestrian-involved crashes includes Baltimore City, Baltimore County, Montgomery County, Prince George’s County, and Anne Arundel County. The top 5 jurisdictions for pedestrian-involved crashes with the greatest percent increase include Carroll, Frederick, Charles, Cecil and Dorchester counties. Baltimore Metro Region had highest percentage of no/minor injury crashes and serious/fatal injury crashes followed by Washington Metro Region

Summary Culpability -- The pedestrians aren’t always at fault – 42.4% Drivers – could be as high as 47.6% 33.3% Pedestrian 3.8% Both 37.1% of pedestrians wearing dark clothing were involved in crashes not at an intersection during no daylight as compared to 19.1% of those wearing light clothing Two-way not divided road divisions account for the majority of pedestrian-involved crashes. Over one-half of the serious/fatal Injury crashes occurred on roadways with posted speeds between 30 and 45 mph. There was an increase in serious/fatal Injury crashes on state roads (34.4% vs 18.0%) and interstates (2.5% vs <1%) as compared to no/minor injury crashes .

Part 2: Bicycle-involved Crashes A Brief Overview

Data Sources Selection Criteria MAARS Reports 2012 - 2013 ACRS Reports 2014 – 2016 Selection Criteria All Bicyclist-involved crashes between 2012-2016 from MAARS and ACRS

Total 830 718 784 824 843 3999 Statewide Total Crashes 89649 92520 97951 107803 120124 508047 % of statewide total 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8

Change in number of Bicyclist-involved Crashes from 2012-2015 compared to 2016 Jurisdiction Average 2012-2015 Number of Crashes 2016 Difference Allegany 3 -3 Anne Arundel 82 62 -20 Baltimore 85 107 22 Calvert 4 1 Caroline 2 -1 Carroll 8 6 -2 Cecil 10 Charles 11 12 Dorchester 5 -5 Frederick 17 18 Garrett Harford 19 Howard Kent Montgomery 136 147 Prince George’s 89 117 28 Queen Annes St. Mary’s 7 Somerset Talbot Washington Wicomico 24 23 Worcester 26 Baltimore City 209 236 27 Total 789 843 54 Statewide 6.8% increase

Summary Statewide the number of bicycle-involved crashes has steadily increased since 2012 The top 5 jurisdictions for pedestrian-involved crashes includes Baltimore City, Montgomery County, Prince George’s County, Baltimore County, and Anne Arundel County. Washington Metro Region had highest percentage of serious/fatal injury crashes whereas the highest percentage of no/minor injury crashes were in the Baltimore Metro region. The top 5 jurisdictions for bicycle-involved crashes with the greatest percent increase include Prince George’s County, Baltimore City, Baltimore County and Montgomery County.

Contact Information Kimberly M. Auman, MS Epidemiologist / Database Engineer Charles "McC" Mathias National Study Center for Trauma and EMS Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research-Organized Research Center University of Maryland School of Medicine 110 S. Paca Street Room 3-N-150 Baltimore, MD 21201 (410) 328-8331 kauman@som.umaryland.edu