Cells: The Living Units PART 1 Cells: The Living Units

Structure of a Generalized Cell May be used on exams! Figure 2.1 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Plasma Membrane May be used on exams! Figure 2.2a Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Plasma Membrane Determines which substances enter or leave the cell Membrane is selectively permeable Diffusion – molecules move from a region where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated Osmosis – the diffusion of water across a membrane PLAY Membrane Structure Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Two Types of Endocytosis Figure 2.3 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Exocytosis This is how cells release hormones, enzymes and extra cellular matrix! Figure 2.4 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Endoplasmic Reticulum and Ribosomes Figure 2.5 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Assembly of Proteins at the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Figure 2.6 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Role of the Golgi Apparatus in Packaging Products of Rough ER Figure 2.8 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

More abundant in energy-requiring cells, like muscle cells and sperm Mitochondria Mitochondria – generate most of the cell’s energy; most complex organelle More abundant in energy-requiring cells, like muscle cells and sperm Figure 2.10 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cytoskeleton: Microtubule Figure 2.11a Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cytoskeleton: Microfilament Figure 2.11b Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cytoskeleton: Intermediate Filament Figure 2.11c Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Nucleus Figure 2.13 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cells that Connect Body Parts or Cover Organs Figure 2.16, step 1 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cells that Move Organs and Body Parts Figure 2.16, step 2 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cells that Store Nutrients and Cells that Fight Disease Figure 2.16, steps 3–4 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cells that gather information Cellular Diversity Cells that gather information Neuron – has long processes for receiving and transmitting messages Figure 2.16, step 5 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cellular Diversity Cells of reproduction Oocyte (female) – largest cell in the body Contains many copies of organelles for distribution to daughter cells Sperm (male) – possesses long tail for swimming to the egg for fertilization Figure 2.16, step 6 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings