Eukaryotic* Cell Structure REMEMBER: You need to write the notes on the slides with this icon. Interactive Cell

Quick Review We talked about Cell Theory and two types of cells. What are the 3 key points of the Cell Theory? Which are the two important types of cells? What is the main difference between these two cell types?

Eukaryotic Examples Plant Cells Animal Cells Membrane bound nucleus

Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Fluid part of the cell between the nucleus and cell membrane Contains tiny structures called organelles

Cell Organelles Organelle Means “Little Organ” Specialized structures that perform important functions within a cell.

Nucleus Nucleus Contains the cell’s DNA (also called Chromatin) DNA codes instructions for making proteins and other molecules

Surrounded by a double lipid layer. Nuclear Envelope (Membrane) Nuclear Envelope has pores/openings to allow material to move into and out of the nucleus

Nucleolus Small region within nucleus that produces ribosomes

Cell Membrane The Cell Membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell. Homeostasis Provides protection and support Made of a double-layered sheet called Lipid Bilayer (Lipids)

Mitochondria Convert the chemical energy stored in food into energy. Cellular Respiration The “power house” of the cell Two Membranes Outer Membrane Inner Membrane

Mitochondrion Under a Microscope Outer Membrane Inner Membrane

Ribosomes Synthesize (produce) proteins Found throughout the cytoplasm

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Structure where lipids and proteins are assembled and transported from the cell Two types of ER Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) Ribosomes are found on its surface Synthesize proteins

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) No ribosomes Synthesis of membrane lipids

Golgi Apparatus It modifies, sorts, and packages materials from the ER for storage or secretion outside the cell It is found next to the ER

NUCLEUS Rough ER Golgi Apparatus Smooth ER

Vacuoles Vacuoles store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates The control of water content within a cell is an example maintaining homeostasis

In plants: There is a single, large central vacuole The pressure of the central vacuole makes it possible for plants to support heavy structures such as leaves and flowers

Lysosomes Filled with enzymes Digestion (breakdown) of Lipids Carbohydrates Proteins Organelles that are not useful anymore Removes “junk” that a cell does not need

Cytoskeleton Proteins that help the cell to maintain its shape. Involved in movement

Two main structures of cytoskeleton Microfilaments Microtubules

Microfilaments Threadlike structures made of a protein called Actin Form a tough and flexible framework that supports the cell

Microtubules Hollow structures made up of proteins known as Tubulin Help with cell division. They form a structure called Centrioles. **Not Found in Plant Cells

Structures for Movement Cilia (single Cilium) Short hair like structure covering the cell Flagella (single Flagellum) Longer wipe like (tail) Cilia & Flagella Movement

Chloroplast*** Found in plant cells Capture energy from the sunlight and convert it into chemical energy. Photosynthesis Surrounded by two membranes

Cell Wall *** Found in Plants Lies outside the cell membrane Provides support and protection for the cell In plants, cell walls are made up of Cellulose (Carbohydrate)

Videos and Interactive Models Interactive Cell Model