THERMAL STORAGE FEASIBILITY STUDY RYAN BUFF MECHANICAL OPTION SPRING 2005 NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL OAKLAND, PA

PRESENTATION OUTLINE GENERAL PROJECT DATA PROJECT TEAM MECHANICAL REDESIGN ELECTRICAL ANALYSIS ACOUSTICAL ANALYSIS CONCLUSIONS RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

GENERAL PROJECT DATA

GENERAL PROJECT DATA LOCATION SIZE OCCUPANCY TYPE Carnegie Mellon University Campus 1030 Moorewood Ave., Pittsburgh, PA SIZE 72,000 sq. ft. 6 Stories (5 floors above grade) OCCUPANCY TYPE 257 Bed – Residential Dormitory RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

GENERAL PROJECT DATA CONSTRUCTION ACTUAL COST PROJECT DELIVERY METHOD Began – January 2002 Complete – March 2003 ACTUAL COST $ 12 million PROJECT DELIVERY METHOD Design-Bid-Build RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

PROJECT TEAM

PROJECT TEAM OWNER: Carnegie Mellon University ARCHITECT: Bohlin Cywinski Jackson MEP ENGINEER: H.F. Lenz Company STRUCTURAL ENGINEER: Atlantic Engineering Services CONSTRUCTION MANAGER: Rycon Construction, Inc. COMMISSIONING: LLI Technologies RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

MECHANICAL REDESIGN

MECHANICAL REDESIGN ORIGINAL DESIGN OBJECTIVES: “Green Design” Principles Individual Room Temperature Control 3. Exceed Code for Indoor Air Quality Designed to be the healthiest and most energy efficient building in the nation RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

MECHANICAL REDESIGN EXISTING DESIGN CONDITIONS: Outdoor Conditions Indoor Conditions Supply Air 55°F dB Zone Setpoints 70-78°F dB 30-60% RH Outdoor Conditions Winter 2°F dB (99.6%) 60% RH Summer 86°F dB 70°F wB (1%) Designed to be the healthiest and most energy efficient building in the nation RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

MECHANICAL REDESIGN EXISTING MECHANICAL CONDITIONS: AIR SIDE (5) Air Handling Units Constant Volume 1,000 – 12,000 cfm AHU-5 to resident’s room AHU-5 100% OA Make-Up Unit Air-to-Air Energy Recovery RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

MECHANICAL REDESIGN EXISTING MECHANICAL CONDITIONS: WATER SIDE (2) 60 ton Air-Cooled Screw Chillers Delivering Water Temperatures of 44°F 253 gpm – Total System Four-Pipe Fan Coil Units Separate Ventilation System RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

MECHANICAL REDESIGN NEW DESIGN GOALS: Reduce Peak Hour Energy Costs Increase Mechanical System Efficiency RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

MECHANICAL REDESIGN HOURLY LOAD PROFILE: Total Cooling Load Peak Hourly Load 2,241 ton-hrs Total Cooling Load: 2,241 ton-hrs Peak Hourly Load: 103 tons 103 tons RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

MECHANICAL REDESIGN DESIGN STRATEGY: PARTIAL STORAGE-DEMAND LIMITING SYSTEM Chillers & Storage Tanks Run in Parallel Equal Load to Original Design Capacity Use Same Discharge Temperature Operate Chiller at Reduced Capacity During On-Peak Hours Minimize site Peak Load           Source: ASHRAE Design Guide for Cool Thermal Storage RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

MECHANICAL REDESIGN ADDITIONAL COMPONENTS: CALMAC 1098C STORAGE TANKS 3 Tanks @ 115 ton-hrs 25% Ethylene Glycol (1) 35 TON AIR-COOLED SCROLL CHILLER (de-rated @ 26 tons) ACTUAL CHILLERS SELECTED: 35 ton & 104 ton (1) 94 TON AIR-COOLED SCROLL CHILLER ADDITIONAL PUMP 107 gpm RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

MECHANICAL REDESIGN CHARGE/DISCHARGE CYCLES: Off-peak Hour Control On-peak Hour Control RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

MECHANICAL REDESIGN COOLING COSTS: Time Total Charge Duquesne Light Company Time Total Charge Peak Demand 6.8516 ¢/kWh On-Peak 4.0304 ¢/kWh Off-Peak 1.8766 ¢/kWh On-Peak Hours: 10:00 a.m. – 9:00 p.m. RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

MECHANICAL REDESIGN COOLING COSTS: ORIGINAL DESIGN REDESIGN Monthly Average Cost: REDESIGN $20,700.00 $17,400.00 REDESIGN MONTHLY SAVINGS: $3,300.00 RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

MECHANICAL REDESIGN EQUIPMENT COSTS: STORAGE TANKS EXTRA CHILLER CAPACITY ADDITIONAL PUMP $34,500.00 $5,400.00 $1,400.00 TOTAL EQUIPMENT COST: $41,300.00 RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

TOTAL PAYBACK PERIOD: 13 MONTHS MECHANICAL REDESIGN PAYBACK PERIOD: P A PAYBACK PERIOD = / P A P = INTIAL COST A = MONTHLY SAVINGS TOTAL PAYBACK PERIOD: 13 MONTHS RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

ELECTRICAL ANALYSIS Breadth Study

ELECTRICAL ANALYSIS OBJECTIVE: Size New Equipment Feeds Check Panelboard Capabilities RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

ELECTRICAL ANALYSIS BRANCH CIRCUITS: 2002 NATIONAL ELECTRIC CODE Table 430.150 Full Load Current Breakers sized @ 250% Table 310.16 Wire Sizing Tables of Chapter 9 Conduit Sizes RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT ELECTRICAL SIZING ELECTRICAL ANALYSIS BRANCH CIRCUITS: MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT ELECTRICAL SIZING Pump FLC Breaker kVA Wire Size 2 hp, 460 V 3.4A 2.44 Chillers 41 hp, 460 V 65A 44 150 hp, 460 V 180A 122 15A ½”, 4-#12 THW (Cu) 175A 2”, 4-#2/0 THW (Cu) 450A 3”, 4-#700 THW (Cu) RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

ELECTRICAL ANALYSIS PANELBOARD: TOTAL PANEL SCHEDULE kVA: = kVAtotal + (0.25)(kVAlargest) = MINIMUM AMPACITY: = Total kVA / [(.480)(1.73)] MAXIMUM AMPACITY: = [Total kVA + (.75)(kVAlargest) / [(.480)(1.73)] 355 kVA 427 A 505 A ACTUAL AMPACITY = 600 A OK RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

ACOUSTICAL ANALYSIS Breadth Study

ACOUSTICAL ANALYSIS OBJECTIVE: Determine Relative Loudness of Mechanical Room Check NC Levels with Adjacent Room RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

ACOUSTICAL ANALYSIS MECHANICAL ROOM CHARACTERISTICS: freq Lws 125 Hz 103 250 Hz 98 500 Hz 96 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 95 4000 Hz 91 MECHANICAL ROOM CHARACTERISTICS: 15m x 7m x 3.24m (Basement) 8” CMU Block Walls 8” Concrete Slab Ceiling Absorption Characteristics (SI) freq Lws c w f Scc Sww Sff ΣSii sab RTs 125 Hz 103 .01 .1 1.05 14.30 16.40 .05 17.2 250 Hz 98 7.15 9.25 .03 9.5 500 Hz 96 .02 .06 2.10 8.58 12.78 .04 13.3 1000 Hz .07 10.01 14.21 14.8 2000 Hz 95 .09 12.87 17.07 17.9 4000 Hz 91 .08 11.44 15.64 16.4 RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

ACOUSTICAL ANALYSIS DINING ROOM CHARACTERISTICS: 15m x 7m x 3.24m (1st Floor) Wood Parquet Floor Acoustical Ceiling Tile Absorption Characteristics (SI) – Gypsum Walls – Glass Windows freq c w g f Scc Sww Sff ΣSiI sab RTr 125 Hz .76 .55 .35 .04 79.80 75.40 4.20 159.40 .45 290.6 250 Hz .93 .14 .25 97.65 21.81 123.66 190.3 500 Hz .83 .08 .18 .07 87.15 13.07 7.35 107.57 .30 154.7 1000 Hz .99 .12 .06 103.95 7.02 6.30 117.27 .33 175.6 2000 Hz 16.35 126.60 .36 197.4 4000 Hz .94 .11 98.70 14.59 120.64 .34 183.3 RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

ACOUSTICAL ANALYSIS ANALYSIS: Lpr ACTUAL NC – 50 62 56 50 45 34 23 Dining Room / Reading Room Desired NC-35 freq Lps TL TL – 5 Safety factor NR Lpr Actual Desired 125 Hz 97 35 30 34 62 54 250 Hz 94 41 36 39 56 46 500 Hz 91 44 50 40 1000 Hz 92 45 47 2000 Hz 88 57 52 55 4000 Hz 85 64 59 61 23 Typical STC of Mech room TL values ACTUAL NC – 50 RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

ACOUSTICAL ANALYSIS ANALYSIS: ACTUAL NC – 35 Lpr freq Additional Materials 2” Thick, Porous Sound Absorbing Material Mechanical Room Ceiling freq Lpr Actual Desired 125 Hz 55 54 250 Hz 46 500 Hz 40 1000 Hz 36 2000 Hz 25 35 4000 Hz 15 34 Achievements Absorb Excessive Low Frequency “Rumbling” Did Not Disturb Dining Room ACTUAL NC – 35 RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

CONCLUSIONS

CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS: INSTALL - PARTIAL STORAGE-DEMAND LIMITING SYSTEM Decreases Peak Hourly Load Costs Does Not Interrupt the Mechanical System Downstream Has Minimal Payback Period DOWNSTREAM OF CHILLERS RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY Tim Michael Peg Hart Brad Hochberg Steve Lee Rohini Brahme H.F. Lenz Company John Stewart Bob Stano AE FRIENDS The Roommates The Office RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

QUESTIONS RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL DOWNSTREAM OF CHILLERS RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA

ACOUSTICAL EQUATIONS RT = ΣSii / [1-sab] sab = ΣSii / ΣSi LPmech = LWmech – 10Log[RTmech] + 6 NR = TLsf – 10Log[Sw / RTreceiver] LPreceiver = LPmech – NR RYAN BUFF NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL MECHANICAL OPTION OAKLAND, PA