Understanding Biologics
Biologics and Biosimilars
Animation: What Are Biologics?
Production of Biologics
Sources of Variation in Biologics
Variability Is a Natural and Expected Property of All Biologics
Glycosylation Affects Protein Properties
Most Biologics Have Undergone Manufacturing Changes
Trastuzumab Properties Over Time
Different Batches of Biologics Are Similar but Not Identical
Similarity Assessment of a Monoclonal Antibody: Typical Attributes to Evaluate
The EMA Uses a Comparability Exercise to Evaluate Manufacturing Changes to Approved Biologics
Comparability Exercise Allows Different Product Originator Batches in the Market
Analytical Methods to Ensure Batch-to-Batch Consistency
Changes in Rituximab Properties Across Batches
Originator and Biosimilar Development
Approval of Biologic Manufacturing Changes vs Approval of a Biosimilar
Clinical Trial Designs Used to Evaluate Biosimilars
Clinical Trials Evaluating the Rituximab Biosimilar GP2013
Immunogenicity Varies Among Biologics
Role of Pharmacovigilance
Switching Patients From Originator to Biosimilar
Concluding Remarks
Abbreviations
Abbreviations (cont)