Biochemistry!

Chemistry and Matter! Chemistry is the study of matter Matter is made up of Atoms, the smallest free unit found in matter An atom is composed of 3 parts A positively charged ion Proton A negatively charged ion Electron A neutral ion: Neutron

Elements! An Element is the purest form of a substance. CANNOT be broken down further There are over 100 of them. In biology, it is necessary to know and recognize about 15

Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Organic Chemistry (Living) Molecules and compounds made up of at least Carbon and Hydrogen Examples: Carbohydrates Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids Inorganic Chemistry (Not living) Molecules made up of all elements EXCEPT the Carbon and Hydrogen pair. Examples: C02 Water, (H20) Soil Minerals NaCl

Organic Molecules Which of the following compounds are organic? Water (H2O) Glucose (C6H12O6) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Oxygen (O2) Bleach (NaClO) Salt (NaCl) How did you determine this?

Organic Molecules Needed for Life

Macromolecules: Proteins Body building compounds (growth and development) CHONPS Makes tissues, organs, organelles, Transmits messages Made of C H N O P S Found in Muscles, cell membranes, enzymes, and hormones Receptors, antibodies, antigens, neurotransmitters, hemoglobin Many Amino acids (monomer- subunits) make up a Protein (Polymer—Polypeptide)

Macromolecule: Carbohydrates Subunits= Sugars; glucose, lactose… C6H12O6 sugar Many sugars make up one starch Functions: Quick energy Starches-long term energy storage Starches in plants, glycogen and chitin in animals

Macromolecule: Lipids (fats) Examples: fats (solids), waxes, oils (liquids), CHO Functions: Long term energy storage Prevent water loss, Insulation (keep in heat) Cushioning Subunits: 1 fat molecule made from 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol

Macromolecule: Nucleic Acid Made from MONOMER subunits nucleotides Functions to make RNA and other proteins Functions to hold and direct gene expression

Vitamins and Minerals Minerals: Elements that are essential for certain molecules (for synthesis or proper functions Calcium- bones, Iron- hemoglobin, Sodium- blood pressure Vitamins: required for proper enzyme action

Water Cells are made up of about 70% water Including single celled organisms such as the protozoa