Structure and Bonding in Organic Chemistry

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Presentation transcript:

Structure and Bonding in Organic Chemistry Electron Configurations Lewis Dot Structures Hybridization Orbital depictions

Organic Chemist’s Periodic Table

Molecular Model of Aspirin

Nucleus is a Tiny Fraction of the Volume of an Atom

Orbitals are Probabilities

Electron Configurations

Ground State Electron Configurations

The p Orbital

px, py, pz

Bonding in H2 Sigma (s) Bond

Energy Released When Bond Forms

Electron Configuration of Carbon

In Ground State 2 bonding sites, 1 lone pair

Lewis Dot Structure of Methane

sp3 Hybridization 4 Regions of electron Density

Hybridization of 1 s and 3 p Orbitals – sp3

sp3 is Tetrahedral Geometry Methane

Methane Representations

All Have the Same Geometry All Have 4 Regions of Electron Density

Tetrahedral Geometry

Ammonia Tetrahedral Geometry Pyramidal Shape

Orbital Depiction of Ethane, C2H6 , the s bond

Depictions of 2-Methylbutane

Bonding Characteristics of Period 2 Elements

“Saturated” with Hydrogen

A Model of a Saturated Hydrocarbon

sp2 Hybridization 3 Regions of Electron Density

Hybridization of 1 s and 2 p Orbitals – sp2

An sp2 Hybridized Atom

The p bond Overlap of 2 parallel p Orbitals

Ethylene CH2=CH2

Views of Ethylene, C2H4

Ethylene

Formaldehyde

sp Hybridization 2 Regions of Electron Density

The sp Orbital

Acetylene, C2H2, 1 s bond 2 perpendicular p bonds

Drawing Structures

Octane Representations

Condensed Formulas

Line-Angle Structures are Often Used as a Short-hand

Line-Angle Structures

Line-Angle structure Superimposed on Lewis Structure

Double Bonds are Shown

For Cyclic Structures, Draw the Corresponding Polygon

Drawing Clear Structures

Structures take Cues from Models

Some Steroids

Benzene can be drawn as one of two resonance structures

Some Line-Angle Structures