World War II

The Rise of Totalitarianism Causes of War: Rise of Dictators, Treaty of Versailles, Failure of League of Nations and Appeasement The Rise of Totalitarianism

Throughout the thirties Canada and USA struggled with economic hardship Meanwhile, political and social upheaval was occurring across Europe How to deal with unemployment, poverty, lack of food and disorder in society?

Three Leaders 1. Josef Stalin (Communist leader of the Soviet Union 2. Benito Mussolini (Fascist Leader in Italy) 3. Adolf Hitler (Fascist Leader in Germany http://dwelshman.weebly.com/unit-5- canada-in-the-second-world-war.html Three Leaders

Germany After the War Weimar Republic (1919 -1933) Fragile democratic government Blamed for the Treaty of Versailles and hardships German people faced To pay debt the new German government, began to print extra money to make the payments on time

Hyperinflation Printing too much money led to inflation Inflation is when the prices of products rise The prices in Germany rose so fast that German money became completely useless Almost the entire German population became poor Hyperinflation

Items 1914 July 1921 July 1922 July 1923 Sept. 1923 Nov. 1 kg of Bread $0.28 $2.64 $8.75 $22,500 $10,370,000 $470,000,000,000 1 kg of Beef $1.17 $28.00 $133.00 $112,000 $76,000,000 $5,600,000,000,000 1 Egg $0.09 $1.60 $7.00 $4,000 $4,000,000 $320,000,000,000

Adolf Hitler German people were looking for an answer Hitler had gained support by criticizing the weak and ineffective Weimar Republic Charismatic speaker – channeled people’s discontent

January 1933 – becomes Chancellor of Germany March 1933 – Hitler’s National Socialist Party takes over German parliament (Reichstag)

The Nazi Party

Propaganda “Triumph of the Will” (1935) Shortly after he came to power Hitler called me to see him and explained that he wanted a film about a Party Congress, and wanted me to make it. My first reaction was to say that I did not know anything about the way such a thing worked or the organisation of the Party, so that I would obviously photograph all the wrong things and please nobody—even supposing that I could make a documentary, which I had never yet done. Hitler said that this was exactly why he wanted me to do it: because anyone who knew all about the relative importance of the various people and groups and so on might make a film that would be pedantically accurate, but this was not what he wanted. He wanted a film showing the Congress through a non-expert eye, selecting just what was most artistically satisfying—in terms of spectacle, I suppose you might say. He wanted a film which would move, appeal to, impress an audience which was not necessarily interested in politics. — Leni Riefenstahl Propaganda “Triumph of the Will” (1935)

What propaganda techniques are being used in this clip? Why would Hitler use this film to rally support? Why is it effective? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0OtwfY ahyg

In the Beginning Hitler… Defied the Treaty of Vesailles stops the war reparations builds up armed forces (remilitarizes the Rhineland) puts money in to public projects bans all other political parties and trade unions racist ideology – begins persecuting those who do not fit into idea of “master race” In the Beginning Hitler…

Why doesn’t anyone stop him? 1. League of Nations is weak Japan invades Chinese province of Manchuria 1931 League condemns these actions and tries to negotiate, but Japan withdraws membership

Italy attempts to invade Abyssinia (Ethiopia) Italy’s actions are condemned and trade sanctions imposed (excluding oil) France and Britain want to keep Italy as an ally in case of a war with Germany Weak response

2. Policy of Appeasement Western countries wanted to avoid war Looked for peaceful ways to deal with German aggression including making concessions to Hitler The policy of appeasement made Hitler more confident

The Road to War

Homework Recap:

Once he came to power, Hitler set about doing exactly what he had said he would do For each of his actions between 1935 & 1939, you can see which aim(s) he was fulfilling by undertaking

1935 – Rearmament 1936 - Remilitarisation of the Rhineland 1938 - Anschluss with Austria 1938 - The annexation of the Sudetenland 1939 - The invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939 - The invasion of Poland

Sept 1938: The Munich Agreement The western powers hoped to save the world from war - meeting between Britain, France and Germany Czechs were not invited Hitler promised it was going to be his last territorial demand British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain stated this agreement would bring “Peace in our Time” Britain & France used the policy of appeasement to deal with Hitler. http://dwelshman.weebly.com/unit-5-canada-in-the-second-world-war.html

Prime Minster Chamberlain