The British in India

LEQ: How did British rule cause India to make political, economic and social changes?

Early British Involvement in India By the late 1700s, the British needed to expand into Asia and Africa so that they could continue to stay economically competitive. FACTORS Technological advances Weak empires in Asia and North Africa

New Technology Steam-powered gun boats Repeating rifles Machine guns Exploding shells

Weak Empires Mughal Empire declined in 1707 The Ottoman Empire fractured The Qing dynasty is suffering internal rebellions

The Many Faces of Imperialism Colony – a territory governed by a foreign power Protectorate – a territory that has its own government but is controlled by a foreign power Sphere of Influence – a territory in which a country claims exclusive political or economic rights

British East India Company Created to control trade between Britain, East Asia and India Ruled much of India by 1800 Created chaos among the Mughals and their state leaders then swept in with its own armies

Changes in India New educational systems English language British laws were introduced Banned sati

Sati

The Sepoy Mutiny Sepoy – Indian soldier who fights in the British army Muslim sepoys did not eat pork Hindu sepoys did not eat beef

The Enfield Rifle Cartridge had to be bitten off on one end. The end was thought to be greased with pork or beef fat. Sepoys refused to use these Cartridges.

The Facts Sepoys killed their British officers and British women and children. British captured sepoys and strapped them to cannons and then shot them. Villages were burned. The rebellion lasted two years.

The Raj A Hindi word meaning “rule” Indian Civil Service – this group ruled India yet most officials were British British lived in segregated neighborhoods

India’s Natural Resources Cotton Tea Indigo Jute Salt

Social Darwinism Darwinism applied to human society A Sociological theory stating that individuals or groups achieve advantage over others as the result of genetic or biological superiority. Many British commonly believed that they were destined to rule or lead over other people.

Darwin = natural selection Herbert Spencer = Social Darwinism EXAMPLE: The peppered moth

Swadeshi A movement which called for the boycott of British goods by the Indians. EXAMPLE: Only wear Indian made garments

Reasons for Swadeshi British wanted to partition Bengal British felt that two provinces would be easier to govern Indians felt that this was an attempt to break apart Bengal’s Hindu population.

Muslim League Sought to protect Indian Muslims Main organization in the struggle for Indian independence Muslims feared that Hindus opposed the partition because they wanted to preserve their own Hindu power.

Struggle for Independence The Indian National Congress and The Muslim League were the main organizations in the struggle for Indian Independence.

Category Effects Politics Economics Society Create a chart like this in your notes and use it to summarize the effects of British rule on India. Place a star next to the effect that you think was the most significant. Category Effects Politics Economics Society