Atypical Sexual Variations Chapter 15 This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada

Normal Versus Deviant Sexual Behaviour What is normal? Statistical infrequency Social norm “Atypical variations” in sexual behaviour Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada The Paraphilias Paraphilia Atypical patterns of sexual arousal or behaviour that become problematic Urges are recurrent Either acted on or are distressing to the individual Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada The Paraphilias Fetishism Inanimate object elicits sexual arousal Partialism Sexual arousal is exaggeratedly associated with a particular body part Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada The Paraphilias Transvestism Person repeatedly cross-dresses to achieve sexual arousal or gratification Troubled with persistent, recurrent urges to cross-dress Transvestic fetishism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada The Paraphilias Exhibitionism Exposing one’s genitals to unsuspecting strangers Flashing Typically a socially inadequate heterosexual male Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada The Paraphilias Obscene telephone calling Telephone scatologia Responding to Exhibitionists and obscene phone callers How to respond to exhibitionists How to respond to obscene phone callers Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada The Paraphilias Voyeurism Observing unsuspecting strangers who are naked, disrobing, or engaged in sexual relations It seems like voyeurs are everywhere Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada The Paraphilias Sexual masochism Desire or need for pain or humiliation to enhance sexual arousal Bondage Ritual restraint Blindfolding, spanking, whipping, and humiliating acts Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada The Paraphilias Sexual sadist People who become sexually aroused by inflicting pain or humiliation on others Hypoxyphilia Enhancing sexual arousal by becoming deprived of oxygen Can result in death Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada The Paraphilias Sexual sadism Desire or need to inflict pain or humiliation on others to enhance sexual arousal Sadomasochism (S&M) Mutually gratifying sexual interaction between consenting partners (continued) Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada The Paraphilias Sadomasochism (S&M) (continued) Sexual arousal is associated with the infliction and receipt of pain or humiliation Pain may be symbolic endorphins Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada The Paraphilias Frotteurism Rubbing against or touching a nonconsenting person Mashing Toucherism Persistent urge to fondle non-consenting strangers Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada

Less Common Paraphilias Zoophilia Sexual contact with animals Bestiality Necrophilia Sexual activity with corpses Necrophilic homicide Necrophilic fantasy (continued) Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada

Less Common Paraphilias (continued) Klismaphilia Sexual arousal is derived from the use of enemas Coprophilia Sexual arousal is attained in connection with feces (continued) Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada

Less Common Paraphilias (continued) Urophilia Sexual arousal is associated with urine Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada Cybersex Addiction A new psychological disorder? Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada

Theoretical Perspectives Biological perspectives Hormones Hypersexual desire disorder EEG and evoked electrical potential Psychoanalytic perspectives Psychological defenses Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada

Theoretical Perspectives Learning perspectives Conditioning model Modeling or observational learning Sociological perspectives sadomasochism Integrative perspective Lovemap Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada

Treatment of Paraphilias Psychotherapy Focuses on resolving unconscious conflicts Cognitive-Behaviour therapy Systematic application of the principles of learning (continued) Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada

Treatment of Paraphilias Cognitive-Behaviour therapy (continued) Systematic desensitization terminates the connection between a stimulus and an inappropriate response Aversion therapy Behaviour is repeatedly paired with an aversive stimulus (continued) Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada

Treatment of Paraphilias Cognitive-Behaviour therapy (continued) Covert sensitization Thoughts of engaging in an undesirable behaviour are paired with imagined aversive stimuli Pedophiles (continued) Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada

Treatment of Paraphilias Cognitive-Behaviour therapy (continued) Social skills training Coaching and practice to build social skills Orgasmic reconditioning Strengthening the connection between sexual arousal and appropriate sexual stimuli Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada

Treatment of Paraphilias Medical approaches Antidepressants Anti-androgen drugs Castration Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada End of Chapter 15 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada