THE FRENCH REVOLUTION: Revolution Begins!!

Spark: Meeting of Estates-General Called by Louis XVI to resolve the financial crisis Meets May-June 1789 First Estates-General since 1614! (175 years) Voting system Each estate still only gets ONE VOTE

THE SECOND ESTATE = 1 Vote THE VOTE THE FIRST ESTATE = 1 Vote 300 reps THE SECOND ESTATE = 1 Vote 300 reps THE THIRD ESTATE = 1 Vote 648 reps Impact: 3rd Estate MAD and willing to defy King’s authority

Revolution: THE TENNIS COURT OATH!! June 20, 1789 3rd Estate declares itself REAL gov’t of France Calls itself National Assembly King Louis XVI orders National Assembly to disband Vows not to disband until a constitution is formed!!! Impact: 3rd estate has defied King’s authority and created an alternative gov’t!

Revolution: Storming Of The Bastille July 14, 1789 Rumor = King was planning a military coup against the National Assembly Parisians storm Bastille People want … GUNPOWDER Is looted and destroyed by French people 18 died, 73 wounded, 7 guards killed Impact: Paris in hands of revolutionaries King’s power further weakened

Revolution: The Great Fear Summer 1789: revolution spreads to countryside Why? Rumors spread that… King mounting a counterattack Nobles attempting to put down revolution Rich hording food So: Peasants revolt!!! Impact: by end of summer 1789 France is under rebel domination!!

Moderate Revolution! (1789 – 1792) National Assembly begins reforming French society Will change absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy Revolutionary change supposedly be guided by :

+ = 1789-91: Limiting the Monarchy New French Flag Created FLAG OF PARIS BOURBON FLAG =

1789-1791: LIMITING THE MONARCHY August Decrees (1789): - estates system abolished - noble privileges ended - church tithe ended -gov’t, military, and religious offices open to all classes - meritocracy declared

1789-91: LIMITING THE MONARCHY Declaration of the Rights of Man (Aug.1789) Called for basic human rights in France “Liberty, security, and prosperity” Ended feudal rights of nobles over peasants

1789-91: LIMITING THE MONARCHY Women’s March on Versailles (Oct. 1789) October 5, 1789: 7,000 women storm Palace of Versailles Why? Anger over food shortages and rumors that queen was hoarding food “We are going to cut off her head, tear out her heart, fry her liver, and that won’t be the end of it” National Guard saves king and queen , but they had to agree to go live in Paris (Tuileries Palace) Louis agrees to accept August Decrees and Nat. Const. Assembly KING now a ceremonial figurehead!!!

1789-91: LIMITING THE MONARCHY Voting Reform (Dec 1789) Representative government created “Active Citizens”: could participate in gov’t. - to choose electors: men over 25 who paid equivalent of 3 days labor in local taxes - to be an elector: men over 25 who paid equivalent of 10 days of labor in taxes - to serve in National Assembly: men over 25 who paid equivalent of 54 days labor in taxes “Passive Citizens”: majority of people could NOT participate So MOST still shut out of the system!!

1789-91: LIMITING THE MONARCHY Feb. 1790: France reorganized into 83 Revolutionary Departments

1789-91: LIMITING THE MONARCHY Church Reform (July 1790) Civil Constitution of the Clergy land and $$ taken from Church Tithe abolished clergy become gov’t employees Bishops and priests elected by the people All priests must take oath of allegiance to rev. gov’t.

THE KING’S FLIGHT (June 1791) 1789-91: Limiting the Monarchy THE KING’S FLIGHT (June 1791) June 20, 1791 King freaks out and tries to flee France Louis is arrested and sent back to Paris (was only miles from the border) King accused of abandoning people Some argue that the King’s flight = TREASON

CONSTITUTION OF 1791 (Sept, 1791) 1789-91: Limiting the Monarchy CONSTITUTION OF 1791 (Sept, 1791) Creates Constitutional Monarchy!!!! Three branches National Assembly = Legislative Assembly Executive = King (only real power = VETO) Judicial King Louis XVI agrees to go along with it

But not everyone is happy… Majority STILL left out of gov’t.!

Many Nobles and Clergy flee France Called “emigres”

King Louis XVI resents loss of power

And other monarchs aren’t happy either…

By early 1792 many are calling for more radical changes…