Biomedical Engineering Book Series Metin Akay, Series Editor m.akay@ieee.org August 23, 2013 San Diego, CA 11/18/2018

Leading Causes of Death, 2004 and 2030 compared (Courtesy of WHO Health Statistics 2008)

Biomedical Engineering Research and Education in the 21st Century Metin Akay

U.S. “bioengineering” market: $1 trillion+ Annual revenue for medical devices is about $300 billion High growth segments include orthopedics and cardiovascular Annual revenue in biopharmaceuticals is about $900 billion High growth segments include lifestyle drugs & oncology (cancer) Third Biomedical Engineering Education Summit Meeting June 16-17, 2008 (Skalak & Akay) 4

Fastest Growing S&E Discipline: Biomedical Engineering The BME job outlook is projected to experience faster growth, through 2018, than other occupations requiring a bachelor's degree (The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2012). The BME graduate enrollment has been the fastest among the science and engineering fields (up 167% in the last decade (NCSES, NSF, 2012)

The Biomedical Engineer of 2020

Engineers… – Exploit science to develop technologies – Create new technologies that demand new science Engineering education should lead technology advances – Will need to deal with shifting demographics… Increase in group populations traditionally under-represented in engineering Opportunities for growth are at the interface between disciplines – Nanotechnology, Biomedical Engineering, Biotechnology, Materials Science… Traits that we should aspire to instill in our graduates – Strong analytical skills, creativity, ingenuity, professionalism, and leadership

New Frontiers for Biomedical Engineering

Global Healthcare Design and develop low cost replacements for currently existing expensive medical therapies and technologies in partnership with other disciplines. Use these simpler, robust and cost effective technologies and therapies in both developing and developed countries to reduce the cost of healthcare.

Bio-inspired Engineering Explores how living systems are organized (self-assembled) and function and then exploit this knowledge and understanding in non-living systems. Helps bioengineers to develop advanced materials and devices for medicine and environments inspires engineering and the physical sciences and leads to new approaches in design and manufacturing

Regenerative Medicine Restores structure and function of damaged tissues and organs through: Therapies that prompt the body to autonomously regenerate damaged tissue Tissue engineered implants to prompt regeneration Direct transplantation of healthy tissues into damaged environments

Engineering Immunity Dysfunction of the immune system causes several debilitating and life threating diseases including cancer and diabetes. Causes a major challenge to healthcare systems and societies. Engineering approaches to investigate and modulate the immune system for the treatment of chronic diseases involving the immune system immune dysfunction.

Infectious Disease Focuses on the detection, epidemiology, ecology, and transmission of tulermia, avian influenza, plague etc. Starts at the organismal level and rapidly progress down to the systemic circulation and tissue organ infection, followed by the cellular and subcellular levels, where the infection processes target key metabolic elements leading to cell death and finally whole organism demise.

Grand Challenges from NAE Make solar energy economical Provide energy from fusion Develop carbon sequestration methods Manage the nitrogen cycle Provide access to clean water Restore and improve urban infrastructure Advance health informatics Engineer better medicines Reverse-engineer the brain Prevent nuclear terror Secure cyberspace Enhance virtual reality Advance personalized learning Engineer the tools of scientific discovery

Recently Published Books (July 2013) Micro & Nanotechnologies in Engineering Stem Cell and Tissues (Ramalingam) (July 2013) Introduction to Neural Engineering for Motor Rehabilitation (Farina, Jensen & Akay) 11/18/2018

Books (Under Contract) Introduction to Tissue Engineering (Birla) Neuroelectric Brain Imaging (Babiloni) M-Health (Istepanian) Data-Based Nonlinear Modeling (Marmarelis) Handbook of Telemedicine (Nikita) 11/18/2018

Grand Challenges and Opportunities for BME Book Series Advances in Medical Imaging (A Laine) Systems Biology (S Subramanian) Healthcare Entrepreneurship (TBD) Healthcare Economy (TBD) Bio-Inspiring Engineering (TBD) Immuno-Engineering ( Mohan & Wu) 11/18/2018

Grand Challenges and Opportunities for BME Book Series Health Informatics (M Wang) Nanoparticles in Medicine (R Merletti) Global Healthcare (Xu & Akay) Biomimetics (T Berger) Optical Imaging (A Hielscber) Synthetic Biology (H Hess) Surface Electromyography (Merletti) 11/18/2018

Future: The Bionic Body

(Courtesy of National Geographic Magazine, 2010)

Engineering Bionic Skin

(Courtesy of National Geographic Magazine, 2010)

Closing In On a Life-like Limb

(Courtesy of National Geographic Magazine, 2010)