WHAT IS EVOLUTION?

Evolution is a change in gene pool over time Evolution is a change in gene pool over time. It also is the idea that new species develop from earlier species, sometimes referred to as “descent with modification”

FAQ: Isn’t evolution only a theory?

It is a fact in the respect that yes, it has indeed occurred and is occurring on a daily basis. It is a theory in the respect that scientists disagree on the details of how it occurred.

Remember what a theory in science is - a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that can incorporate facts, inferences, and tested hypotheses* (not a hunch or guess) *(National Science Foundation)

We live in interesting times: August 1999: Board of Education in the State of Kansas votes to remove all mention of evolution from state science curriculum.

Why not Cell Biology? Physiology? Organic Chemistry? Why is Evolution under attack? Darwin’s Ideas were (and are) regarded as a dangerous threat to a God-centered understanding of mankind’s place in the living world. Why Evolution? Why not Cell Biology? Physiology? Organic Chemistry?

Why not Cell Biology? Physiology? Organic Chemistry? Why is Evolution under attack? Darwin’s Ideas were (and are) regarded as a dangerous threat to a God-centered understanding of mankind’s place in the living world. Why Evolution? Why not Cell Biology? Physiology? Organic Chemistry?

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“ I n t e l l i g e n t D e s i g n ” a d v o c a t e s a r g u e t h a t g e n o m i c a n d m o l e c u l a r d a t a r e f u t e D a r w i n i s m .

Next Battleground: Dover, PA

Dover trial began on Monday: Sept. 26, 2005

A Universal Genetic Code FAQ: What is the evidence of Evolution? The Fossil Record A Universal Genetic Code Common Molecular Sequences Common Protein Sequences Transitional Fossils Daily observation of evolution of microbes

And science extends our explorations in the grand and glorious past of life on this remarkable planet.

Vestigial Organs Including: the appendix wisdom teeth male nipples third eyelid plantaris muscle – for grasping male uterus neck ribs – appear in 1% of the population

Body Hair and Rudimentary Ear Muscles Erector Pili Palmaris Muscle – for climbing Thirteenth Rib (vs. 12) and the Coccyx Pyramidalis Muscle Female Vas Deferens Subclavius Muscle

Homologous Brains, Structures, and Embryos

FAQ: Are you going to teach us that we are descendants of apes? No, That’s an inaccurate concept- ion of evolutionary theory. We have the closest common ancestry with the great apes

A Molecular Test of Common Ancestry Chromosome Numbers in the Great Apes: Human (Homo) 46 Chimpanzee (Pan) 48 Gorilla (Gorilla) 48 Orangutan (Pogo) 48 Testable prediction: If these organisms share a common ancestor, that ancestor had 48 chromosomes (24 pairs)

Chromosome Numbers in the great apes (Hominidae): Human (Homo) 46 Chimpanzee (Pan) 48 Gorilla (Gorilla) 48 Orangutan (Pogo) 48 Ancestral Chromosomes Fusion Homo sapiens Inactivated centromere Telomere sequences Centromere Telomere Testable prediction: If these organisms share a common ancestor, that ancestor had 48 chromosomes (24 pairs)

Chromosome Numbers in the great apes (Hominidae): Human (Homo) 46 Chimpanzee (Pan) 48 Gorilla (Gorilla) 48 Orangutan (Pogo) 48 Hillier et al (2004) “Generation and Annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4,” Nature 434: 724 – 731.

Inactivated centromere “Chromosome 2 is unique to the human lineage of evolution, having emerged as a result of head-to-head fusion of two acrocentric chromosomes that remained separate in other primates. The precise fusion site has been located in 2q13–2q14.1 (ref. 2; hg 16:114455823 – 114455838), where our analysis confirmed the presence of multiple subtelomeric duplications to chromosomes 1, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 19, 21 and 22 (Fig. 3; Supplementary Fig. 3a, region A). During the formation of human chromosome 2, one of the two centromeres became inactivated (2q21, which corresponds to the centromere from chimp chromosome 13) and the centromeric structure quickly deterioriated (42).” Homo sapiens Inactivated centromere Telomere sequences Hillier et al (2004) “Generation and Annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4,” Nature 434: 724 – 731.

FAQ: If we have a common ancestor with apes, why are there still apes?

No, most mainstream religions accept modern evolutionary FAQ: Doesn’t “believing” or “accepting” evolutionary theory mean you don’t believe in God? No, most mainstream religions accept modern evolutionary theory it premises

FAQ: Why can’t we learn creationism and evolution FAQ: Why can’t we learn creationism and evolution? Should “equal time” be devoted to both?

Right now there is no selective pressure on human as a species FAQ: IF EVOLUTION IS OCCURRING, HOW COME WE’RE NOT GROWING A SIXTH FINGER OR TOE, ETC? Right now there is no selective pressure on human as a species to evolve

FAQ: Why is it that important anyway?

Evolution is a central unifying theme incorporating: - molecular (DNA)biology -cellular biology -genetics -taxonomy - physiology

“Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.” Theodosius Dobzhansky, 1973

How is evolution both a fact and a theory? What is meant by the word, “theory”?

What was the last major court case dealing with teaching evolution in schools? What was the ruling? List two major pieces of evidence that demonstrate evolution has occurred.

Place the following events in chronological order from first to most recent using “Pacing Geologic Time” evolution of reptiles evolution of mammals evolution of birds evolution of amphibians first flowering plants

Know These in Chronological Order: evolution of eukaryotes first multicellular life earliest fish first amphibians first reptiles first dinosaurs first mammals earliest birds first flowering plants early primates earliest humans

Calculate the percentage of time that humans have been on the earth. 2) The fossil record supports the theory that all multicellular evolved within the past ______ million years.