Page 20 in notebook What are Biomolecules?? What are enzymes? Why are they important?? Discuss with Group!!

Basic organic building blocks biomolecules Basic organic building blocks

“living” elements Most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. These four elements constitute about 95% of your body weight. All compounds can be classified in two broad categories --- organic and inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are made primarily of carbon. When carbon bonds with the other 3 elements they create BIOMOLECULES

What are biomolecules? Small organic molecules bond together to create large organic molecule called a macromolecule or biomolecule There are four classes of macromolecules polysaccharides or carbohydrates triglycerides or lipids polypeptides or proteins nucleic acids Carbohydrates and lipids are made of only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO) Proteins are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON) Nucleic acids contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (CHON P)

Carbohydrates Simple sugars that bond to create complex sugars Small sugars = monosaccharides Complex sugars = polysaccharides 3 monosaccharides Glucose, galactose, fructose Polysaccharides Cellulose, chitin, glycogen Used by the body for SHORT TERM energy Provide structural support in cell walls of plants and exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans. Monosaccharides have carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio

lipids Made of small subunits called TRIGLYCERIDES Fatty acids attached to ALCOHOL GROUP Three different types of lipids created from triglycerides PHOSPHOLIPIDS make up our cell membrane Waxes help protect the leaves and needles of plants Steroids Lipids are crucial to long term energy in our bodies! Animals that live in cold climates or hibernate must have large fat storages Too many triglycerides can be harmful for our heart and circulatory system.

Nucleic acids Made of 3 smaller building blocks called nucleotides Sugar Phosphate group Nitrogen base Carry all genetic information in a cell, DNA DNA holds the instructions for building all proteins in living things RNA copies and reads this information to actually build the proteins

Proteins Made of subunits called amino acids There are 20 amino acids essential to life Our Body only make 12 of the amino acids we need Used to build cells and do much of the work inside organisms. Act as enzymes helping to control metabolic reactions in organisms. Cells contain thousands of different enzymes to control the functions of the cell. Enzymes must physically fit a specific substrate(s) to work properly like a lock and key The place where a substrate fits an enzyme to be catalyzed is called the active site.

Macro Foldable On your desk are directions Due Friday Take time to finish – so you don’t have homework