Socrates Plato Aristotle

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Presentation transcript:

Socrates Plato Aristotle Those ANCIENT GREEKS Socrates Plato Aristotle

PHILOSOPHY Philia (FRIENDSHIP LOVE) Sophia (WISDOM) Athenian Thinkers

SOCRATES – Who? c. 469 BC–399 BC Argued against the Sophists (e.g. Protagoras, who tended to be relativists): Through a questioning process that leads from a hypotheses taken from human experience, Socrates seeks the true nature, the essence, the unconditional, unqualified definition of the quality or object under consideration.

SOCRATES - Activity What is Justice? Using Socratic Method The way to TRUTH is deep questioning

Plato – Who? 428 BC– 348 BC Was taught by Socrates. writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Ultimate Truth is beyond all but the philospher. The invisible world of FORMS is the most intelligible

PLATO - Activity The allegory of the cave Youtube Draw your own image of the cave.

ARISTOTLE – Who? 384 BC – 322 BC Was taught by Plato Knowledge is possible and must be of unchanging universal and necessary truths. However, this is not to be found in the realm of the Forms, as Plato suggests, but in the real or natural world. The grouping of things by kind is not an arbitrary human classification but points the truth of the subject.

ARISTOTLE – Activity The School of Athens, a fresco by Raphael. Which is Plato and which is Aristotle? Explain? Answer on the next slide

Plato (left) and Aristotle (right), a detail Aristotle gestures to the earth, representing his belief in knowledge through empirical observation and experience, while holding a copy of his Nicomachean Ethics in his hand, whilst Plato gestures to the heavens, representing his belief in The Forms

Summary Socrates: TRUTH can be known through rigorously questioning our experience Plato: TRUTH is real but beyond the world of ordinary experience. Aristotle: TRUTH is present everywhere if we have the eyes to see