History of the Atomic Model 2.1

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Presentation transcript:

History of the Atomic Model 2.1 Unit 2 History of the Atomic Model 2.1

Atomic Structure www.lab-initio.com

Democritus 400 B.C.

John Dalton 1808

Dalton’s view of atoms of elements Can you see B. 1-4 in this picture?

J.J. Thomson (1897) with the Cathode Ray Tube

Discovery of the Electron In 1897, J.J. Thomson used a cathode ray tube to deduce the presence of a negatively charged particle. Cathode ray tubes pass electricity through a gas that is contained at a very low pressure.

Actual Cathode Ray in action

Thomson’s Atomic Model Thomson believed that the electrons were like plums embedded in a positively charged “pudding,” thus it was called the “plum pudding” model.

Robert A. Millken 1909

Millikan’s Oil Drop Experiment Helps to calculate the mass & charge of an electron

How it worked inside

Ernest Rutherford (1911) on New Zealand Money

Hans Geiger (1911)

Ernest Marsden (1911)

Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment Alpha () particles are helium nuclei Particles were fired at a thin sheet of gold foil Particle hits on the detecting screen (film) are recorded

Rutherford’s Findings Most of the particles passed right through A few particles were deflected VERY FEW were greatly deflected “Like howitzer shells bouncing off of tissue paper!” Conclusions: The nucleus is small The nucleus is dense The nucleus is positively charged

Atomic Particles Particle Charge Mass # Location Electron -1 Electron cloud Proton +1 1 Nucleus Neutron

Niels Bohr (1913) His comment on the structure of atoms Niels Bohr (1913) His comment on the structure of atoms. (Which are mostly empty space.)

Bohr Model of an Atom

Dmitri Ivanenko (1930)

Victor Ambartsumian (1930)

Ivanenko & Ambartssumian Model of a Nucleus

James Chadwick 1932

His Experiment using alpha particle radiation