Effects on lift products by EN 81-1/2 re-drafting Asansor Istanbul 2011 April 15th, 2011 Istanbul Ian JONES Convenor CEN/ TC10/WG1

Contents The revision of EN 81 Parts 1 & 2 to become EN 81 Parts 20 and 50 will be the greatest change to the lift design standards in the last 20 years. They contain many changes which will effect lifts manufacture. This presentation gives a brief overview of some of the major anticipated changes to the lifts design.

Contents Text marked in blue is foreseen to effect the manufacturers. Text marked in green is foreseen as effecting the selling company as information which may be needed to be provided to others.

Warning ! This presentation only shows what has been agreed so far by CEN/TC10/WG1. Nothing has as yet been approved by the National Standards Bodies. Therefore persons should not take the content of this presentation as a means to start to change their product or even to consider that all of the content will be approved. This presentation only shows some of the major changes. There are many other alterations to the previous EN 81-1 an EN 81-2 requirements. 4

Scope, Definitions and EN 414 Assumptions, Scope, Definitions and EN 414

Assumptions Forces which a person might be expected to exert : 300 N under normal conditions 1000 N for impact (person falling against) unless specifically specified elsewhere in the standard. Requirement to discuss with the user the type of device used for loading and unloading the lift. It is now assumed that all hydraulic fluid used complies with ISO 6743-4. (specification for hydraulic oils) The machinery spaces containing hydraulic equipment are designed such that they will contain any spilt fluids. 6

Assumptions Requirements to ventilate the well and machinery spaces have been moved to the assumptions with then a large section of text in the new informative annex to give some guidance on this subject. Therefore the responsibility to ventilate the well, with information provided by the lift installer, becomes the responsibility of the building designer/architect. This is due to the wide coverage of the subject in National Building regulations which would otherwise conflict with the requirements of the new standards. 7

Scope + Definitions Only change from EN 81-1/2 + A3 is to exclude all hydraulic product where the setting of the relief valve is greater than 50 Mpa. New definitions are given for :- Authorized persons Competent persons Maintenance Rescue Operations Special Tools 8

EN414 Requirements A new table is given for significant hazards accounted for in the standard using the list found in EN 14121-1, in accordance with the new EN 414 layout of the standard. Due to this standard, all the clauses previously numbered from 5 to 16 will now be covered in a new Clause 5. This will mean nearly all clauses are renumbered from those that exist today. In addition some chapters will be split to make them easier to understand.

The Well

The well Where there is more than 11 m between consecutive floors there is now an option to have : Intermediate emergency doors. Adjacent lift cars with emergency doors Electrical emergency operation. Glass panels used in the construction of the well must be able to withstand 300 N applied over an area of 0,3 m x 0 3 m. Where there are accessible spaces under the pit and a suitable pier is used as a means of protecting against a falling counterweight, the kinetic energy forces must be communicated to the builder. 11

The well (continued) Protection in the well: New requirements changing the dimensions of counterweight screens and a requirement to withstand 300 N without deflecting into the path of the counterweight. The requirement for shaft division screens has now been changed from 500 mm from the side of the car to the nearest moving part, to 500 mm from the handrail to the nearest moving part. 12

The well (continued) Headroom and Pit Safety Spaces There must be standing areas for the number of persons anticipated to work on the car and in the pit and clear signage stating how many persons are permitted to work there. Each person must have their own safety space available. Clearance over fixed equipment increased to 500 mm with exception of the handrail Handrails to have 400 mm horizontal clearance to items outside the projected area of the car. New requirements for clearances around guide rails for the pit. 13

The well (continued) New requirements for pit access ladders and to provide them with a safety contact where necessary. Normative text in clause 5, combined with a new normative annex giving the possible ladder types. Examples 14

The well (continued) New requirement for a pit inspection control station. This shall be interlocked with the one on the car roof to prevent confusion between which device takes priority. In the event of persons on the car roof and in the pit the car shall only move when the same button is pressed on both units. i.e. to move the car up the “UP” button must be pressed simultaneously on both control stations. 15

Machinery Spaces

Machinery Spaces New rules with regard to differences in floor levels and gaps in floors resulting in the possible need for additional ladders and barriers. Modified rules for lighting levels in machinery spaces : 200 lux where work is carried out and for movement between work areas. New rules for guarding of pulleys in the well and the ability to access them in safety for maintenance. 17

Machinery Spaces Where work is required to be carried out from the car roof and the position is assured by fixed mechanical devices, where these cannot be disengaged under loss of power due to the forces applied to the car a means of escape must be assured. Exit via a space between car roof and underside of landing door Exit via the car through a trapdoor Exit via an emergency door in the well.

Landing & Car Entrances

Landing / Car Doors The clauses for landing and car doors have been combined All fire test certification of lift landing doors shall be to EN 81-58. All doors in future, including their frame, will be subject to soft and hard pendulum impact testing at their weakest points. The details of the tests will be found in EN 81-50. 20

Landing / Car Doors New requirements for strength / forces : 1000 N force applied over an area of 100 cm2 shall cause no permanent damage. Retaining devices are to be provided should the main guiding elements fail, and these also to be impact tested. New requirement to remove lift from service or lower door force to 4 J should the detecting/reopening device fail. Also audible warning in this mode. New requirement for 1000 N and 300 N forces applied to doors and locks to act simultaneously for design and test purposes. 21

Landing / Car Doors (continued) New design requirements : New requirements for protection of children's fingers on glass doors. Making the glass opaque on the side exposed to the user by the use of either frosted glass or the application of frosted material to a height of minimum 1,10 m; Sensing the presence of fingers at least up to 1,6 m above sill and stopping the door movement in opening direction; Limiting the gap between door panels and frame to maximum 4 mm at least up to 1,6 m above sill. Recesses (framed glass, etc.) shall not exceed 1 mm. The maximum radius on the outer edge of the frame adjacent to the door panel shall not be more than 4 mm. 22

Landing / Car Doors (continued) New design requirements : Car door not to be able to be opened more than 100 mm under manual effort when outside of unlocking zone. New requirements for fire/smoke labyrinth design on closing edges of doors and frames. Door leading edge not to be less than 20 mm thick if made from glass. 23

Landing / Car Doors (continued) New design requirements : If lowest landing door lock is not within 1m of pit access ladder a means to be provided to unlock the doors from the pit. New rules for the maximum height of the unlocking mechanism from the landing floor, depending if in the vertical or horizontal plane. 24 24

Lift Car

Lift Car Car Loading: Load will continue to be calculated at 75 kg per person. Car area to be calculated as from wall to wall body inner dimensions. Finishes are excluded. Areas which cannot accommodate a person due to their size need not be included in the floor area calculation. Door entrance recesses of less than 100 mm depth need not be included in the floor area calculation. A new sample calculation, including loading devices is given. New requirement for combustibility of car materials to EN 13501-1. 26

Lift Car New design requirements : Loads to test for permanent deflection to now be applied from outside and inside the car. New requirements for car to car rescue and the provision of a portable bridge. Surface of car roof where persons work to be made from non-slip material. Modified requirements for normal car lighting and emergency lighting lux levels. 27

Lift Car New design requirements : New requirement for the car apron Must withstand a horizontal force of 300 N without deflection greater that 25 mm. New requirements for the balustrade. All lift cars regardless of well clearances to have a “toe board” around the car roof edge. New requirements for the use of 1100 mm high balustrades Must also withstand horizontal force of 300 N 28

Lift Car No balustrade required but needs toe board 100mm > 500  500 1100 700 > 300 > 300  300 ≤ 150 ≤ 150 No balustrade required but needs toe board 100mm Balustrade Required Height ≥ 700 mm Balustrade Required Height ≥ 1100 mm 29

Suspension

Means of suspension No new technologies such as belts or alternative forms of ropes have been incorporated at this time. This is due to concerns over the inclusion of patented or copyright protected materials. It is however likely that future revisions would include such materials. 31

Means of suspension All ropes to be to EN 12385-5 (Harmonized under Lifts Directive) No longer possible to use rope grips as a means of rope termination. Terminations shall be to EN 13411-3, 6 or 7. Rope traction Either ropes shall slip if car or counterweight is blocked, or Drive system to limit motor torque. The calculations given in annex M will be move to EN 81-50. These have been modified slightly from those in the present standard. 32

Safety Gear & Unintended Movement Overspeed, Safety Gear & Unintended Movement

Deceleration Rates After much discussion the decision was taken not to make any proposals to change deceleration rates of safety gear and buffers in the new standards. Instead CEN/TC10 will work with ISO/TC178 to elaborate global requirements for safety gear, buffers and emergency electrical stops, which may then be incorporated in all lift standards throughout the world. 34

Deletions The following items are now deleted : All references to instantaneous safety gear with buffered effect. All references to energy accumulation buffers with buffered return movement Neither of these devices were found to be used by manufactures. All references to Hydraulic clamping devices. References to “fly ball” speed governors. 35

Uncontrolled Movement Distances between wall and car sill, when car is below the floor, have been changed to a diagonal to ensure the gap is properly covered where doors are mounted on large sill angles, etc. 200

Guide Rails

Guide Rails Some small modifications to the guide rail calculations. Tensile strength used in the calculations should be given by the guide rail manufacturer. Where the lift travel is greater than 40 m the guide rail buckling calculations shall include any forces imparted on the rails by the guide brackets due to settlement of the building structure. (Also required for all timber framed buildings) 38

Guide Rails Annex G This annex giving example calculations will now become part of EN 81-50. It will continue to give examples based on the Omega method but will also state that other methods of calculation are permissible Eurocode 3 Finite Element Analysis In any case the requirements of EN 81-20 shall be met. 39

Buffers

Buffers Where buffers travel with either the car or counterweight the position at which they strike the pit floor must be clearly marked with a pedestal not less than 300 mm high. This is not required for the counterweight if the screen extends to within 100 mm of the pit floor. For hydraulic lifts with telescopic jacks at least one stage shall not hit its down travel mechanical limit when the car is fully buffered. 41

Buffers All buffers, except energy accumulation type, shall have a label with the type certificate number, buffer type, and oil details where hydraulic. For Accumulation type buffers with non-linear characteristics the maximum compression now takes consideration of the fixing element. Accumulation type buffers made from synthetic materials have to be checked periodically on aging considering instructions from the manufacturer.

Electrical Installation & Appliances

Electrical Installation The AH6 groups task was one of the longest to complete since the electrical sections of EN 81-1 and EN 81-2 have not changed in any substantive way since 1989. All electrical equipment shall now be in accordance with EN 60204-1 unless otherwise described.

Electrical Installation Dimension now given for position of equipment to allow maintenance access. Labelling now required for electrical and thermal hazards. Protection against electrical shock shall comply with IEC 60364-4-41 and EN 50274. Socket outlets to be provided with RCD at 30 mA

Electrical Installation SIL levels of electric safety devices have been set to be the same in comparative ISO standards. When the design of a safety device (listed in Annex A) includes software, it shall be possible to identify the failure state of the device, either by built-in system or by an external tool, if this external tool is a special tool, it shall be available on the site.

Controls

Controls All docking operations are deleted as no longer being of relevance to the market. Inspection controls are to stop the lift with 2 m clearance in the pit and headroom. Further movement towards the minimum refuge spaces is then allowed upon pressing the control button again at 0,3 m/s.

Controls Push buttons for inspection controls shall comply to EN 60947-5-1. Inspection controls on the car top to have a “Run” button to act with up and down buttons.

Controls The lift shall be provided with a means to prevent the lift from answering to landing calls, to disable the automatic door operation and give at least terminal floor calls for maintenance. Landing and Car Door By-pass Control It is now allowed to have a feature, accessible to authorized and competent persons only to by-pass the locking contacts for maintenance purposes. The alarm is now specified as that of EN 81-28

Traction & Hydraulic Drives

Traction Drives Brake The machine shall be capable of having the brake released by a continuous manual operation, even in the case of power supply failure. The operation can be mechanical (e.g. lever) or electrical by independent supply. With the brake manually released and the car loaded at 80 % of the value of the balanced load of the car, it shall be possible to move the car to an adjacent floor:

Hydraulic Drives The dimensions and tolerances of the tubes used for the manufacture of the jack shall be according to the applicable standard of EN 10305 series. Jack calculations have been amended to remove errors. The restrictor and rupture valves shall be accessible for inspection directly from the car roof or from the pit.

Public Comment When the new draft standard is released for public comment Turkey is encouraged to provide its opinions on the new items through its partnership agreements with CEN. 54