Arthropoda
Exoskeleton Composition Advantages Chitin – cross-linked polysaccharides Protein and lipids Calcium salts – very hard Advantages Protection Muscle attachment Joints Wings
Exoskeleton – Laminated Structure Epicuticle Protein and lipids Procuticle Exocuticle Secreted before molt Endocuticle Secreted after molt
Ecdysis
Open circulatory system Haemocoel filled with haemolymph
Digestive System Foregut Midgut Hindgut Mouth, esophagus, crop, gizzard Grinding and storage Midgut Stomach and gastric ceca (increases surface area) Digestion and most absorption Hindgut Intestine, rectum, anus
Excretion Malpighian Tubules Extensions off of the intestine Project into the haemocoel Exchanges waste with haemolymph
Form Crustacea Subphylum Crustacea Aquatic Tagmata Cephalothorax Head fused to thorax Covered by carapace Thorax Abdomen
Form Crustacea Sensory structures Nauplius eyes – larval eyes Compound eyes Two pairs of antennae
Form Crustacea Biramous appendages Branched Each segment often has appendages
Form Crustacea
Form Pterygote Subphylum Uniramia Class Insecta Winged Insects Terrestrial
Form Pterygote Order Mallophaga Biting/Chewing lice
Form Pterygote Order Anoplura Sucking lice
Form Pterygote Order Hempitera Family Reduviidae Reduviid bugs Family Cimicidae Bed bugs
Form Pterygote Order Siphonaptera Fleas
Form Pterygote Order Diptera Flies and mosquitoes
Form Pterygote Tagmata Head Thorax – Pro, Meso, Meta Abdomen Six Legs and two or four wings Abdomen
Form Pterygote Sensory structures One pair of antennae Compound eyes and ocelli
Form of Pterygote Respiration Tracheae Network of tubules Open to outside – Spiracles Branch into fine tracheoles Supported by bands of chitin
Form Acari Subphylum Chelicerata Class Arachnida Mites and ticks
Form Acari Tagmata Most feed by sucking fluid from prey or host Cephalothorax Abdomen Most feed by sucking fluid from prey or host Book lungs
Form Acari Six pairs of appendages 1 pair chelicera 1 pair pedipalp Often develop into fangs or pincers 1 pair pedipalp 4 pair walking legs