Types of Industry & Natural Resources How is our future tied to our ability to manage our resources and economy?

Where do more Canadians work? Do more Canadians work in agriculture or in education? More than three times as many Canadians work in education than in agriculture!

Do more Canadians work in manufacturing or retail? More Canadians work in wholesale and retail trade than in manufacturing.

Most Canadian workers are not lumberjacks, farmers, or miners; nor are they factory workers. Instead, most Canadians have jobs in which they provide an enormous range of services. But all parts of the economy are vital…

3 Types of Industry And a 4th and 5th type too

Primary Industry Extracts or harvests products (natural resources) from the earth Forestry Farming Mining Fishing

Secondary Industry The processing of natural resources (raw materials) into finished goods (manufacturing) auto assembly plants metal working textile production construction food processing etc

Tertiary Industry (Service Sector) Providing services rather than goods healthcare, schools retail, restaurants transportation, trucking entertainment, media insurance, banking tourism law

Quaternary Industry (Knowledge Sector) Not everyone recognizes the 4th and 5th categories, most people just lump these jobs in with the service industry (tertiary) But some use this category for information-based activities, such as: Libraries Scientific research Professors Information technology

Quinary Industry The highest level of decision makers, they have special and highly paid skills Called ‘gold-collar jobs’, as opposed to just ‘white collar jobs’ Government officials Financial and legal consultants CEOs

Canada’s Changing Economy What has been the trend for each category over the years? Which category has changed the most?

How Products Are Made Example: ice skates Primary – iron ore, coal, other metals (for steel blade) - Raw animal hide for boot Secondary – steel is then processed into the skate blades - Leather boot is created - Blade is added to the skate boot Tertiary – sports store that sells you the skates

Natural Resources Primary Industry, Raw Materials

What is a Natural Resource? A natural resource is a material found in the natural environment that can be put to use by humans. Put to use? Source of energy Make products Essential for life, safety, protection Food

1) Renewable Resources : Resources which replace themselves naturally within a few months or years Eg. farming (crops), trees, fish, fresh water, solar energy, biomass What is ‘biomass’? : fuel developed from organic materials, such as manure, scrap lumber

2) Non-Renewable Resources : Resources that form slowly or do not naturally re- form in the environment. Once used, these cannot be replaced (or at least, not for millions of years). Eg: gasoline, coal, natural gas, diesel, minerals

Some Non-Renewable Definitions… Petroleum: a kind of oil (also called crude oil) found underground that is the source of gasoline and other products It is used in engines, for heating Other petroleum products: wax, asphalt, petroleum jelly Gasoline, Kerosene and Diesel are all liquids that are obtained by distilling or refining petroleum, they are separated out by their different boiling points Natural Gas: a colorless, odorless substance made up of primarily methane Used mostly to power turbines that create electricity, piped into houses for gas stoves Coal: the dirtiest of the 3 fossil fuels, it is a combustible dark sedimentary rock consisting mostly of carbonized plant matter

Rethinking Our Use of Resources

Rethinking by Individuals How can I use resources wisely while maintaining, or even improving, my quality of life? We can choose to reduce, reuse, recycle We can choose hybrid or electric cars We can vote for a government that will pass more stringent laws that protect the environment

Rethinking by Companies Increasingly, having an environmentally friendly corporate attitude is also good for profits Example: Seventh Generation makes environmentally friendly, biodegradable laundry detergent, trash bags and diapers They take their name from an Iroquois law that says, “in our every deliberation we must consider the impact of our decisions on the next seven generations.” The company has an employee bonus program that awards workers who figure out ways to make the company’s wares even more sustainable. More than a ¼ of the company’s vehicle fleet is made up of low-emission cars and more than a ¼ of the energy burned in manufacturing its products comes from renewable energy.

Rethinking by Governments Governments can do 2 main things to help protect resources, use a carrot (reward) or a stick (punishment) Examples of carrots: Tax rebates for using blue bins Incentives for people who buy an electric car Examples of sticks: You have to pay a fee if you have too many garbage bags at the curb Car companies have to pay a fee if their cars are wasteful of gas

“The Story of Stuff” http://www.storyofstuff.org/movies-all/story-of-stuff The Story of Stuff is a 20-minute, fast-paced, fact-filled look at the underside of our production and consumption patterns. The Story of Stuff exposes the connections between a huge number of environmental and social issues, and calls us together to create a more sustainable and just world. It'll teach you something, it'll make you laugh, and it just may change the way you look at all the stuff in your life forever.