The Cold War Era (1945–1991) Lesson 4 War in Southeast Asia

Lesson 4 War in Southeast Asia The Cold War Era (1945–1991) Lesson 4 War in Southeast Asia Learning Objectives Describe events in Indochina after World War II. Explain how the United States became involved in the Vietnam War. Explore the end of the Vietnam War. Summarize the impact of the war on Vietnam and Cambodia.

Lesson 4 War in Southeast Asia The Cold War Era (1945–1991) Lesson 4 War in Southeast Asia Key Terms Ho Chi Minh guerrillas, Dien Bien Phu domino theory, Viet Cong, Tet Offensive, Khmer Rouge Pol Pot,

The Road to War in Southeast Asia During World War II, Japan seized much of Southeast Asia from the European colonial powers that ruled the region. After Japan’s defeat, local nationalists rejected European efforts to reclaim their colonial empires. Some Southeast Asian nations won freedom without much violence. Others, like Vietnam, faced long wars of liberation.

The Road to War in Southeast Asia The Long War Begins French era- 1946 to 54 Dien Bien Phu US era- 1955- 1975 Ho Chi Minh Vietminh Vietcong Vietnam Is Divided North won Paris Peace Accords Agreed to split North- Ho - communist South- Ngo Dinh Diem- dictatorship Elections in a year Never happen

The Road to War in Southeast Asia Vietnam became the focus of Cold War tensions when communist guerrillas fighters fought against French rule. Here, Viet Minh troops enter Hanoi on October 14, 1954.

The United States Enters the War American officials believed in the domino theory, which held that a communist victory in South Vietnam would cause noncommunist governments across Southeast Asia to fall to communism—like a row of dominoes. To prevent such a disaster, the United States stepped in to shore up the Diem government.

The United States Enters the War American Involvement Domino theory- Advisors and aid 1964- USS Maddox Gulf of Tonkin Resolution By 1969- 500,000 Guerrilla Warfare Couldn’t tell friend from foe Ho Chi Minh Trail Win their hearts and minds Relocation Napalm Agent Orange My Lai The Tet Offensive Light at the end of the Tunnel Tet-

The United States Enters the War Initially, the United States sent only aid and military advisers to assist the South Vietnamese in their struggle.

The United States Enters the War This diagram shows the tunnel system that Viet Cong guerrillas used to hide from American soldiers. Infer Based on the diagram, what might have happened when Viet Cong fighters saw an American patrol enter a village?

The United States Enters the War Analyze Maps The Tet Offensive was a series of attacks by communist guerrillas on South Vietnamese cities. Through which countries did the Ho Chi Minh Trail pass on the way to South Vietnam?

The Vietnam War Ends In the United States, the bombing of North Vietnam and increasing American casualties helped inflame anti-war opinion. Growing numbers of American troops were prisoners of war (POWs) or missing in action (MIAs). Many opponents called the Vietnam War a quagmire, or swamp, in which the United States was trapped without the possibility of victory.

The Vietnam War Ends American Opposition to the War Grows Growing KIA’s- 58,000 plus before end of war Americans misled Walter Cronkite- War not winnable Kent State- Invasion of Cambodia A Negotiated Peace Nixon withdraws troops Vietnamization- Ceasefire 1973 Vietnam Is Reunited 1975- South falls to North Ho Chi Minh City Boat People Politically Motivated Mass Murder in Cambodia Khmer Rouge and Pol Pot mass murder population 1 million die

The Vietnam War Ends People gathered on the Mall in Washington, D.C., on November 15, 1969, to protest the Vietnam War. The Peace Moratorium was estimated to be the largest demonstration in U.S. history.

Quiz: The Road to War in Southeast Asia What is a likely reason that Ho Chi Minh was a popular military leader in the battle against the French? A. He was supported by the United States. B. He had helped fight against the Japanese. C. He was both a communist and a Catholic. D. He had the backing of the colonial powers.

Quiz: The United States Enters the War Why were U.S. forces unprepared for the Viet Cong Tet Offensive? A. because they were waiting on fresh troops to arrive B. because it took place on a national holiday C. because the Viet Cong used napalm, a new chemical agent D. because the fighting was mainly in the jungles

Quiz: The Vietnam War Ends Which provides evidence that some Vietnamese did not support the new government in the united Vietnam? A. “Boat people” fled to other countries. B. South Vietnamese convinced the United States to place an embargo on Vietnam. C. Vietnamese opposed the authoritarian government imposed on Cambodia. D. Recovery from the war proved slow and costly.