Contexts of development example View the Breast Crawl video on Weebly under Videos

Contexts of development: Childbirth What information does this scene provide about the contexts (cultural, socioeconomic, historical etc.) in which this birth is occurring? What does this birth environment suggest about the future care and well-being of this child? What does the “breast crawl” suggest about the child’s role in their development? Active/passive?

Developmental Psychology Roadmap Introduction Issues and questions Developmental Psychology Erikson Piaget Theories

Roadmap Miracle of Life Teratogens The newborn Prenatal development/birth FAS/FAE Miracle of Life Teratogens Reflexes and Imitation Breastfeeding The newborn

Cognitive Development Roadmap Kohlberg’s stages Issues and questions Morality Normal age-related changes Cognitive Development

Introduction to Development What is development? Development-continuity and change in the body or behavior across time Developmental psychology-the study of continuity and change in the body and/or behavior over time

Introduction to Development What is development? Development-continuity and change in the body or behavior across time Developmental psychology-the study of continuity and change in the body and/or behavior over time

Developmental questions What causes some children to be bullies? Why do some children learn to read with little effort, but others require extensive help? How and when do children learn to distinguish fantasy from reality? In what ways is brain development affected by experience? Can infants add and subtract? Others? Your questions.

View D2L media clip on Erikson

Erikson Neo-Freudian Psychosocial theory More emphasis on cultural influences Children as active explorers

Erikson’s stages Trust vs. mistrust (birth-1 yr.) Autonomy vs. shame (1-3) Initiative vs. guilt (3-6) Industry vs. inferiority (6-11) Identity vs. role confusion (Adolescence) Intimacy vs. isolation (Early adulthood) Generativity vs. stagnation (Middle adulthood) Ego integrity vs. despair (Late adulthood)

Find or better yet, come up with your own example to illustrate each of Erikson’s stages! Trust vs. mistrust (birth-1 yr.) Autonomy vs. shame (1-3) Initiative vs. guilt (3-6) Industry vs. inferiority (6-11) Identity vs. role confusion (Adolescence) Intimacy vs. isolation (Early adulthood) Generativity vs. stagnation (Middle adulthood) Ego integrity vs. despair (Late adulthood)

View D2L media clip on Piaget

Piaget Greatest influence on modern study of development Children are explorers who actively construct knowledge of world Study using open-ended clinical interviews Four broad stages of development (assumed NO changes past adolescence!)

Important Piagetian concepts Scheme/a: organized pattern of though/action to explain experience (e.g., your idea of what going to a movie is like: arrive, buy tickets, sit down, etc.) Assimilation: interpretation using existing cognitive structures (e.g., You like Sara and think she’s nice. She hits your car, you assume it was an accident.) Accommodation: changing existing schemas to explain new experience (e.g., You hear a nasty rumor about Sara. You believe it and so you decide that she’s not a nice person and stop talking to her.)

Four stages of development Sensorimotor: infant sensation and movement to explore (birth-2 yrs.) Preoperational: symbolic, but illogical thinking based on early action patterns (2-7) Concrete-operational: more organized cognition and reasoning (7-11) Formal-operational: complex, abstract reasoning system (11 yrs.+)

View video clips of Piagetian task on Weebly under Videos

Piaget's Sensorimotor stage 0-2 years Object Permanence The understanding that objects and persons continue to exist even when they cannot be seen (8-12 mos.) A-not-B error, perseverance

Object permanence Examples Other Piagetian tasks

Teratogens Environmental agent (drug, chemical, virus, other) contributes to a birth defect/damage during prenatal development 70-80% of cases the exact cause of birth defect or damage remains unknown

FAS/FAE

Teratogens: FAS/FAE Case of Iyal FAS is a permanent condition. It affects every aspect of an individual’s life and the lives of his or her family.

View Video clip of Iyal on FAS on Weebly under Videos

The Miracle of Life View at least 2 sections of the NOVA Miracle of Life Video

The newborn Reflexes: Unlearned, organized, involuntary responses Automatic in response to certain stimuli In newborns, shortly thereafter May even be well-practiced before birth!

Infant imitation: Imitate basic visual and auditory sensory input within a few hours E.g., facial expressions and movements

View video clips of newborn reflexes and imitation on Weebly under Videos

Time magazine cover What are your reactions? xxxxx

Formula costs Do a brief Google or other search to determine to cost of infant formula for one year.

View the video clips on benefits of breastfeeding on Weebly under Videos Next, view the video clip on the impact of breastfeeding in Ghana on Weebly under Videos

Benefits of breastfeeding Baby Mom Economic Example of Ghana

Right or wrong? Heinz’s dilemma example Review the video clip on Heinz’s dilemma on Weebly under Videos

Three stages Pre-conventional (social norms) Conventional (consequences) Post-conventional (individual principles) oc

View the video clips on benefits of breastfeeding on Weebly under Videos

Marshmallow task 2 years Funny Instant gratification Oliver and Breanne

Normal Age-Related Changes in Cognition View the xxxxxxxxxxx on D2L under Videos

Normal Age-Related Changes in Cognition