PATHWAYS 2 - WRITING UNIT 4 Explaining a Chart or Graph National Geographic, Heinle CENGAGE Learning Elizabeth Celeste Coiman-Lopez, BAT, MS. Houston Community College, School of Continuing Education

Unit 4 - p. 76 WRITING SKILL - EXPLAINING A CHART OR GRAPH RULES: CHART: shows changes over time. It is a graphical representation of data, in which "the data is represented by symbols, such as bars in a bar chart, lines in a line chart, or slices in a pie chart".[1] Unit 4 - p. 76 WRITING SKILL - EXPLAINING A CHART OR GRAPH

Unit 4 - p. 76 WRITING SKILL - EXPLAINING A CHART OR GRAPH RULES: GRAPH: shows numbers or amounts from a single period. A diagram representing system of connections of interrelations among two or more things by a number of distinctive dots, lines, bars, etc. Unit 4 - p. 76 WRITING SKILL - EXPLAINING A CHART OR GRAPH

PHRASES to introduce a description of a chart of graph: RULES: PHRASES to introduce a description of a chart of graph: According to the graph… As the chart shows… We can see from the chart… VERBS: (in simple past): rose to…. rose by.. increased to… increased by… doubled… tripled… quadrupled… reached a high point of…. reached a low point of…. declined… decreased… dipped… dropped…. fell… remained stable…. remained steady… stayed about the same….. stayed the same… Unit 4 - p. 75 LANGUAGE FOR WRITING: EXPLANATORY PARAGRAPH DESCRIBING CHARTS AND GRAPHS

Unit 4 - p. 76 WRITING SKILL - VERBS FOR EXPLAINING A CHART OR GRAPH VERBS TO DESCRIBE Fell Dropped Declined Decreased Went down Plunged Rose Jumped Grew Climbed Went up Increased How to describe Stay constant Remain steady Maintain stable Unit 4 - p. 76 WRITING SKILL - VERBS FOR EXPLAINING A CHART OR GRAPH

Unit 4 - p. 76 WRITING SKILL - VERBS FOR EXPLAINING A CHART OR GRAPH ADVERBS TO DESCRIBE HOW Sharply Quickly Rapidly Steeply Considerably Significantly Substantially Steadily Gradually Moderately Slightly Slowly Unit 4 - p. 76 WRITING SKILL - VERBS FOR EXPLAINING A CHART OR GRAPH

RULES: PREPOSITIONS: Example: TO + verb: to talk about a number or amount that something reached. BY + verb: to talk about how much something changed. OVER: talk about a period of time BETWEEN: a period from one year to another BY: at a certain time IN: during a number of years Example: As the graphs shows, sales rose to $50 million by 2010. According to the graph, seafood sales fell by 20 percent over two years. As the chart shows, sales of orange roughy doubled in five years. Unit 4 - p. 75 LANGUAGE FOR WRITING: EXPLANATORY PARAGRAPH DESCRIBING CHARTS AND GRAPHS

Unit 4 - p. 76 WRITING SKILL - EXPLAINING A CHART OR GRAPH RULES: Begin by explaining the main idea or purpose of the chart or graph. According to the chart, eating top predators has a great impact on the ocean ecosystem. As the graph shows, the quantity of fish caught has steadily increased since 1950. Then provide supporting details: specific data that support the main idea. Eating a pound of a top predator, such as orange roughy, is like eating 10 pounds of a smaller fish, such as herring. The amount of fish caught between 1950 and 2006 increased from about 17 million metric tons to more than 80 million in 2006. Unit 4 - p. 76 WRITING SKILL - EXPLAINING A CHART OR GRAPH

Main Idea What kind of diagram is it? What does the chart/graph show? Over what period of time? How is the data shown? DETAIL #1 What is one detail that supports the main idea of the graph? Where did the most significant change occur? DETAIL #2 What is another detail that supports the main idea of the graph? Which 2 areas showed the greatest decreases or increases and by how much? DETAIL #3 What areas stayed the same? CONCLUSION What is the most recent data in the graph? What does this show? Unit 4 - p. 75 LANGUAGE FOR WRITING: EXPLANATORY PARAGRAPH DESCRIBING CHARTS AND GRAPHS

Explain a Chart or a Graph TOPIC: Explain a Chart or a Graph Study the graph on page 68 Complete the chart on page 77. Write a paragraph in your notebook explaining this graph. P. 79 WRITING ASSIGNMENT

Unit 4 PEER EDITING CHECKLIST Writer: ______________________ Peer Editor: ___________________ Writing Title: _______________________________________ Title is the main idea. No contractions 3 Details supporting the Main Idea Most recent data at the end Use past tense to describe changes in the past Use correct prepositions, verbs, and language for describing a graph. Unit 4 PEER EDITING CHECKLIST