Reporting category #1- Matter & Energy This reporting category will have 14 total questions over 5 readiness & 7 supporting standards.

6.5- element vs. compound & 6.6- physical properties can be used for classification Matter & energy- 6.5 The student knows the differences between elements & compounds + 6.6 The student knows matter has physical properties that can be used for classification

Element vs. Compound Carbon SS 6.5C- differentiate between elements & compounds on the most basic level. Carbon

Sample Questions for SS 6.5C: 1. Which substance cannot be decomposed into simpler substances? A. ammonia (NH3) B. carbon (C) C. water (H2O) D. glucose (C6H12O6) Sample questions for SS 6.5C 2. Which of the following would be found only in the Compounds side of the Venn diagram shown above? A. III, IV C. II, III B. I, VI D. IV, V

Physical Properties Metals Nonmetals Metalloids Shiny (lustrous) Not shiny (dull) Can be shiny or dull Good conductor of heat & electricity Poor conductor of heat & electricity Conducts better than nonmetals, not as well as metals Malleable Not malleable Ductile Not ductile SS 6.6A- compare metals, nonmetals, & metalloids using physical properties such as luster, conductivity, or malleability.

Sample Question for SS 6.6A: Metal Metalloid Non-metal 3. You are testing a silver rock with the lab equipment shown in the diagram. The silver rock has a positive test. What can you narrow the sample down to? A. I C. I, II. III B. I, II D. II, III Sample question for SS 6.6A

Density Animation link SS 6.6B- calculate density to identify an unknown substance. Animation link

Sample Question for SS 6.6B: 4. A field geologist collected data for two nuggets of copper and determined their density. Which two pieces of equipment did the geologist most likely use to determine the density of the copper nuggets? A. a balance & a graduated cylinder B. a metric ruler & a beaker C. a thermometer & an Erlenmeyer flask D. a specimen bottle & a pair of forceps Sample question for SS 6.6B

8.5- matter is composed of atoms & has chemical & Physical properties… 8.5- Matter & energy. The student knows that matter is composed of atoms & has chemical & physical properties

Review of atomic structure What are these subatomic particles? Proton Neutron Electron What determines the identity of an element? RS 8.5A- describe the structure of atoms, including the masses, electrical charges, & locations, of protons & neutrons in the nucleus & electrons in the electron cloud & RS 8.5B- identify that protons determine an element’s identity & valence electrons determine its chemical properties, including reactivity. The number of protons…or….the atomic number! Atomic number = number of protons

Review of atomic structure What are these subatomic particles? Proton Neutron Electron RS 8.5A- describe the structure of atoms, including the masses, electrical charges, & locations, of protons & neutrons in the nucleus & electrons in the electron cloud & RS 8.5B- identify that protons determine an element’s identity & valence electrons determine its chemical properties, including reactivity. What determines the chemical properties or reactivity of an element? The valence electrons!

Sample Question for RS 8.5A: 5. Which statement best describes one of the subatomic particles that could be found at location X? A. it has mass but no charge B. it has no mass & a positive charge C. it has a large mass & a negative charge D. it has no mass & a negative charge Sample question for RS 8.5A

Octet Rule = 8 Valence Electrons An electron in an outer shell of an atom that can participate in forming chemical bonds with other atoms Octet Rule = 8 RS 8.5B- identify that protons determine an element’s identity & valence electrons determine its chemical properties, including reactivity.

Sample Question for RS 8.5B: 6. Observe the diagram of a water molecule above. Choose a statement that best describes why the chemical formula for water is H2O. A. oxygen is a nonmetal & hydrogen is a gas B. the two elements bond together because both elements are gases C. oxygen has six valence electrons which bond with two hydrogen valence electrons making the last energy level complete D. hydrogen loses its valence electrons making it a negative ion, & oxygen gains those electrons making it a positive ion Sample question for RS 8.5B

RS 8.5C- interpret the arrangement of the Periodic Table, including groups & periods, to explain how properties are used to classify elements.

Periodic Table Group= vertical column with similar chemical & physical properties (same # of valance electrons) RS 8.5C- interpret the arrangement of the Periodic Table, including groups & periods, to explain how properties are used to classify elements.

Periodic Table Period= horizontal row with changing chemical properties (# of protons & electrons increases from left to right) RS 8.5C- interpret the arrangement of the Periodic Table, including groups & periods, to explain how properties are used to classify elements.

Sample Question for RS 8.5C: 7. An element has a metallic-gray appearance. It also has the properties of both a metal and a nonmetal. In which section of the periodic table indicated above would the element most likely be found? A. 1 C. 3 B. 2 D. 4 Sample question for RS 8.5C

# of hydrogen atoms=___ Chemical Formulas C12H22O11 What is it? Sucrose 12 # of carbon atoms=___ # of hydrogen atoms=___ # of oxygen atoms= ___ 22 8.5D- recognize that chemical formulas are used to identify substances & determine the number of atoms of each element in chemical formulas containing subscripts 11 What does it look like?

Sample Questions for RS 8.5D: 8. The chemical formula for baking soda is made from one atom of sodium, carbon, hydrogen & three atoms of oxygen. Which of the following best represents the correct formula? A. SHCo3 B. NaHCo3 C. NaHCO3 D. NaH(CO)3 9. The chemical formula for aspirin is C9H8O4. Which best describes the number of atoms of each element in the formula? A. 9 chlorines, 8 heliums, 4 oxygens B. 9 carbons, 17 hydrogens, 21 oxygens C. 9 chlorines, 8 heliums, 21 oxygens D. 9 carbons, 8 hydrogens, 4 oxygens Sample questions for RS 8.5D

Is it balanced? Chemical Reactions RS 8.5E- investigate how evidence of chemical reactions indicate that new substances with different properties are formed; SS 8.5F- recognize whether a chemical equation containing coefficients is balanced or not & how that relates to the law of conservation of mass; & 8.5D- recognize that chemical formulas are used to identify substances & determine the number of atoms of each element in chemical formulas containing subscripts.

Sample Questions for RS 8.5E: 10. A student observes some sugar as it is heated & burns. The student concludes that a chemical reaction has occurred. Which of the following observations about the burning sugar provides evidence of a chemical reaction? A. heat is added to the sugar crystals B. the sugar melts & becomes a liquid C. the temperature of the sugar increases D. gas is produced as the sugar turns black 11. The equation above shows the chemical reaction for burning coal. Which of the following best explains the reaction represented by this equation? A. carbon dioxide gas breaks down into solid carbon & oxygen gas B. solid carbon reacts with oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide gas C. solid carbon, oxygen gas, & carbon dioxide gas react to form products D. oxygen gas heats solid carbon, melting the carbon into a liquid Sample questions for RS 8.5E

Law of Conservation of Mass SS 8.5F- recognize whether a chemical equation containing coefficients is balanced or not & how that relates to the law of conservation of mass.

Sample Questions for SS 8.5F: 12. Which reaction between methane gas & oxygen supports the Law of Conservation of Mass? A. CH4 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O B. CH4 + 2O2 --> CO2 + 2H2O C. 2CH4 + O2 --> 2CO2 + 2H2O D. 2CH4 + 2O2 --> 2CO2 + 3H2O Sample question for SS 8.5F 13. If 32 grams of oxygen is combined with 4 grams of hydrogen, how much water would be formed? A. 4 grams C. 32 grams B. 28 grams D. 36 grams

Chemical Reactions- Evidence That New Substances Are Formed RS 8.5E- investigate how evidence of chemical reactions indicate that new substances with different properties are formed.

Sample Question for RS 8.5E: 14. A student placed 2 grams of baking soda in a balloon & 100 mL of vinegar in an Erlenmeyer flask. After stretching the opening of the balloon across the neck of the flask, the student raised it to dump the baking soda into the flask. She immediately observed foaming bubbles in the flask & the balloon began to expand. The student concluded that: A. a physical change only was occurring. B. the bubbles indicated a chemical change was occurring. C. the baking soda & vinegar were products of a chemical reaction. D. the gas that was produced was oxygen. Sample question for RS 8.5E

7.5- interactions occur between matter & energy 7.5- Matter & energy. The student knows that interactions occur between matter & energy

Arrow indicates transfer of energy! Food Chain Tertiary Consumer Arrow indicates transfer of energy! Snake Secondary Consumer Lizard Primary Consumer What is missing? Grasshopper SS 7.5C- diagram the flow of energy through living systems, including food chains, food webs, & energy pyramids. Producer Decomposers! Grass

A more realistic representation! Food Web A more realistic representation! SS 7.5C- diagram the flow of energy through living systems, including food chains, food webs, & energy pyramids.

Trophic Levels SS 7.5C- diagram the flow of energy through living systems, including food chains, food webs, & energy pyramids.

Trophic Levels SS 7.5C- diagram the flow of energy through living systems, including food chains, food webs, & energy pyramids. 10%

10% Rule 90% Trophic Levels HEAT SS 7.5C- diagram the flow of energy through living systems, including food chains, food webs, & energy pyramids. 90%

Sample Question for SS 7.5C: 15. Choose the best statement that reflects the transformation of energy processes found within an ecosystem. A. When plants grow, they produce energy that is used by all organisms in higher levels. B. Plants are producers for an ecosystem; all organisms eat plants so energy is passed to other levels. C. The sun provides the initial energy for producers; consumers eat producers & other consumers which causes energy to be passed on to higher levels. D. Decomposers produce energy for plants by breaking down dead matter; this is the initial step towards the transformation of energy for each trophic level. Sample question for SS 7.5C

7.6- matter has physical & chemical properties & can undergo physical & chemical changes 7.6- Matter & energy. The student knows that matter has physical & chemical properties & can undergo physical & chemical changes

Organic Compounds Contain Carbon + Other Elements Glucose & fructose- sugars Leucine- an amino acid SS 7.6A- identify that organic compounds contain carbon & other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen, or sulfur. Methionine- an amino acid ATP

Physical Change a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition SS 7.6B- distinguish between physical & chemical changes in matter in the digestive system.

Chemical Change any change from one state (gas, liquid, solid) which is accompanied by alteration of the chemical composition SS 7.6B- distinguish between physical & chemical changes in matter in the digestive system.

Physical vs. Chemical Changes in Matter- Digestive System Chewing Saliva SS 7.6B- distinguish between physical & chemical changes in matter in the digestive system. Churning Stomach acid

Sample Question for SS 7.6B: I. Chewing & mixing food with saliva in the mouth II. Movement of food using peristalsis through the esophagus III. Reaction of food with hydrochloric acid in the stomach IV. Interaction of food with bile in the small intestine 16. Which of the following digestive processes will be found in the middle of the Venn diagram? A. I C. III B. II D. IV Sample question for SS 7.6B