Crime, Punishment and Consumer Protection Peter Cartwright Professor of Consumer Protection Law University of Nottingham

Characteristics of Regulatory Crime Over-inclusive Strict Liability Specialised Enforcement Bodies Magistrates’ Courts Business Defendants Lack of Stigma

Objections to the Use of Criminal Sanctions Inconsistent enforcement Apply where harm is minor Inappropriate levels of sanctioning Resource intensive Imposition of Strict Liability Inadequate as a deterrent

Alternatives and the Future Administrative Penalties Mens Rea Offences