Molecules and covalent compounds View on this!

Recall Bonding between two atoms can either refer to the transfer or sharing of electrons. In an ionic bond, the electrons transfer from the metal to the non-metal. Today we will look at the sharing of electrons: covalent bonding.

Learning goals We are learning the rules for naming covalent compounds. We are learning the rules for writing a covalent formulae. We are learning what types of elements are involved in covalent bonds.

Covalent bonding when two non-metals bond, neither is strong enough to completely pull the other’s electrons therefore, they SHARE the valence electrons! the force of attraction for these mutual electrons holds the atoms together.

Properties of covalent bonds they are often soft if they dissolve in water, they form solutions that do not conduct electricity tend to have relatively low melting points will dissolve in alcohol

The particle formed by this bond is a MOLECULE.

a) Single Bond

H2 O2 F2 Br2 I2 N2 Cl2 Diatomic molecules any molecule that is bonded with 2 of the same atom diatomic 7 H2 O2 F2 Br2 I2 N2 Cl2

Drawing bonds a single line between two atoms represents 2 electrons  a single bond a double line represents a double bond 2 pairs of electrons being shared

Nomenclature Naming molecular compounds is done in three steps: Write the left-most atom first Change the suffix of the right-most atom to “-ide”. Apply appropriate prefixes where necessary.

Common Prefixes Prefix # of atoms Mono- 1 Di- 2 Tri- 3 Tetra- 4 Penta- 5 Hexa- 6 Hepta- 7 Octa- 8 Nona- 9 Deca- 10 *Note: Mono is only used for the second atom in the compound.

Building Molecular Models On a separate sheet of paper, create the following chart (1 whole page). Atoms Sketch Formula & Name Lewis Diagrams H & H O & O C & four H two H &O C & four Cl N & three H C & two O

Learning goals We are learning the rules for naming covalent compounds. We are learning the rules for writing a covalent formulae. We are learning what types of elements are involved in covalent bonds.

Homework Naming Molecular Compounds Funsheet